Thoughts on the Construction of Sewage Treatment Facilities in Small and Medium-sized Cities

Since the reform and opening up, China has made outstanding achievements in the prevention and control of urban water pollution. However, it should also be noted that under the support of huge financial input that lasted for a few years, the status quo of China's water environment quality is still not optimistic. Liyang City is a water-deficient city with water resources. With economic and social development, water resources With the increasing demand, the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources will become increasingly prominent. This has become an important factor that restricts the national economy, social development and ecological protection of the city. The city's urban areas and county towns discharge about 53 million tons of sewage each year. The annual sewage treatment volume is only about 29 million tons, and the treated wastewater reuse rate is only 8%.

The serious water pollution trends in small and medium-sized cities can hardly be significantly contained and reversed. Although it is closely related to rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years, problems and defects in the construction of water environment treatment projects, management systems, and charging systems are also caused. The main reason for the abnormal operation of the urban sewage treatment system.

I. Status Quo of Sewage Disposal in China's Small and Medium-Sized Cities (I) Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Tasks are Still Difficult. In terms of water pollutant emission reduction targets, although the “Eleventh Five-Year” COD emission reduction target of 10% can basically be achieved, it has been the third since 2009. Since the quarter, there has been a marked slowdown in the decline in COD. Considering that China is still in the middle stage of industrialization, as the "12th Five-Year Plan" continues to advance the industrialization process, resources and energy consumption will remain at a relatively high level, and the amount of various pollutants will increase. Therefore, the "Twelve Five Years" The task of energy saving and emission reduction is still arduous. Among them, the control of water pollutants is still focused on the total amount. In addition to continuing to reduce COD, it is also possible to incorporate ammonia in water into total control. How to reasonably and effectively promote the recycling of sewage is also an urgent task facing the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”.

(II) With the continuous increase in the urbanization rate of small and medium-sized cities, the demand for sewage treatment facilities will continue to increase. With the gradual improvement of the system of small and medium-sized cities in China, more and more rural people will migrate to small and medium-sized cities. The municipal infrastructure of small and medium cities in China will face The pressure is growing. Sewage treatment facilities are an important part of the municipal infrastructure of small and medium-sized cities. As the level of urbanization in small and medium-sized cities continues to increase, demand will increase substantially.

(III) Investment in environmental protection will be further increased According to relevant predictions, China’s environmental protection investment will reach 3.1 trillion yuan in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, of which the investment for various treatment facilities will reach 1 trillion yuan, which is foreseeable in the sewage treatment facilities. The investment in construction will also be further increased.

II. Basic Ideas for Sewage Disposal Construction in Small and Medium-Sized Cities (I) In view of the unbalanced development of facilities, the construction of sewage treatment facilities should be focused on demand. Urban sewage treatment facilities should focus on improving the level of existing capacity utilization, and the new capacity should focus on . The new scale shall be determined according to the different development stages, levels, and actual needs of wastewater treatment in cities, counties, and established towns, and the overall rate of increase in the construction of sewage treatment facilities in small and medium-sized cities shall be reasonably controlled to improve the quality and effectiveness of development. Emphasize the balanced development of cities, counties, and established towns. To prevent overcapacity in some regions, there is a lack of capacity in another region.

(2) The unified “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” that pays attention to the quality and quantity of facilities construction should not only determine the new construction scale on the basis of actual demand, but also integrate the current status of wastewater treatment facilities and the needs of water environmental protection goals, and tap potential through existing facilities. Increase the operating load of existing sewage treatment facilities. According to the conditions of economic development, necessary upgrades to some of the backward facilities must be carried out according to local conditions so as to meet the national or local requirements for water discharge and emission standards. The newly-built sewage treatment facilities for the national and provincial key river basins must be designed and constructed according to national standards. In view of the characteristics of the domestic sewage treatment facilities of small and medium-sized cities in China that accept industrial wastewater partially, the planning and construction phase should be targeted to improve the facility's anti-shock load capacity and ensure that the wastewater meets the discharge standards after treatment.

(III) Strengthen the construction of pipeline networks, and pay attention to the stabilization, safe disposal and rational utilization of sludge. Strengthen the preliminary planning and simultaneous construction of the supporting pipeline network of the sewage treatment facilities so that the completed sewage treatment facilities can fully realize the benefits and ensure that the sewage can be truly obtained. collect. According to local actual conditions, planning and researching an economically effective, reasonable and feasible drainage system will effectively increase the efficiency of pollutant reduction in the sewage treatment facilities. Under the guidance of the sludge treatment and disposal technology route, according to the differences in natural conditions and economic development levels in various regions, the key points and directions for the construction of sludge treatment and disposal capacity in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” were proposed, and the rational use of sludge and the avoidance of water pollutants were recommended. Transfers and contamination.

(IV) Construction of facilities should focus on the concept of water saving first. Under the premise of having conditions, priority should be given to the construction of wastewater reclamation facilities to realize the recycling of resources. In particular, for the lack of water cities in the north and industrial industrial clusters, there is a significant demand for wastewater regeneration. From the perspective of overall planning and rational distribution, the construction of wastewater recycling facilities should be carried out, and the normal operation of the facilities should be ensured through market mechanisms and economic adjustment measures. At the same time as the construction of facilities, it is necessary to accelerate the formulation of guidelines for the recycling of sewage used in China, and to provide guidance on the planning, design, and operation of wastewater recycling projects. The relevant standards, especially the water quality standards, shall be evaluated and the existing standards or new standards shall be revised according to the results of the evaluation so as to ensure the safety and feasibility of the reuse and reuse of the sewage.

III. Establishing the scientific concept of facility construction (I) Meeting the needs of the future development of small and medium-sized cities and the potential construction of sewage treatment facilities in small and medium-sized cities is a complex system project, taking into account the interrelatedness of existing municipal infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities. And impact, but also to meet the needs and possibilities of future development of small and medium-sized cities. Firstly, to emphasize the openness of the construction of wastewater facilities, the needs of facility construction should be analyzed and judged on the basis of changes in the local economy, changes in population and living conditions, industrial structure adjustment, and other major changes in demand; second, attention should be paid to the construction of wastewater treatment facilities. Systematic, from the generation, discharge, collection, treatment of sewage, to the disposal and disposal of sludge, to the reuse and reuse of wastewater, the internal relationship should be cleared by systematic analysis; Thirdly, it is necessary to fully consider the development process of small and medium-sized cities. Uncertain factors emerged to improve the scientific and forward-looking nature of the layout and scale of sewage treatment facilities, so as to meet the development needs of small and medium-sized cities, but not too advanced.

2. Further deepen the reform of the institutional mechanism of the sewage treatment industry. Continue to give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources. Actively introduce the market competition mechanism. Vigorously implement the bidding system for the investment entities and operating entities in the construction of sewage treatment facilities, and establish a sound franchise system for sewage treatment facilities. We will accelerate the reform of pricing and charging systems, including sewage treatment, sludge treatment and disposal, and sewage recycling, to create a favorable institutional environment for encouraging and guiding private capital to enter the wastewater treatment field.

(III) Vigorously strengthen the supporting role of science and technology in facilities construction Water special projects are key technological innovations and application demonstration projects for water pollution control and governance in China. Their R&D and promotion will focus on the reduction of point source pollutants and the reduction of the control of point sources and point sources. We will focus on improving the centralized sewage treatment efficiency and focus on the combination of large-scale centralized and small-scale decentralized and efficient technology development. The reduction of simple pollutants will lead to the transformation of the road-steering, energy-saving, and material-saving sewage treatment technologies.

(D) clarify responsibilities, strengthen supervision, ensure the effectiveness of facilities through the establishment of a sound sewage water quality monitoring agencies, improve the relevant systems to prevent influent water quality problems affect the efficiency of the operation of the facility, and ensure that the effluent water quality standards. Strengthen and standardize the management and maintenance of the drainage network of small and medium-sized cities to ensure the sound and normal operation of supporting drainage network facilities in small and medium-sized cities. Define the responsibility of the government and the sewage treatment plant for sludge treatment and disposal. Gradually establish a relatively complete system of recycled water use to achieve a healthy and orderly development of the reclaimed water business.

(5) Increase financial fund and policy support On the basis of encouraging private investment, the state finance will continue to provide certain financial support for the construction of sewage treatment facilities. Measure and manage the operating costs of the facilities, and gradually adjust the fees for sewage treatment fees according to the actual situation; when the charges are insufficient to support the sound operation of the sewage treatment facilities, the local government finance should provide appropriate subsidies. In addition, governments at all levels should formulate relevant supporting policies in planning and land, and promote the sound and rapid development of the construction of sewage treatment facilities in small and medium-sized cities at all levels of government.

(6) To further improve "green articles" and "water articles"

Sewage treatment should be closely linked with environmental governance. If we start from the greening and beautification of the environment, we will truly “get green when we plant trees and see green joints”, let small and medium-sized cities become “forest cities,” and urban sewage will be “completely intercepted, collected, and fully treated”. Improve the standards for wastewater treatment, promote the integration of the water system around the city and the rivers and lakes, and create a good environment for “driving water through the city”. We will further enhance the living environment, solidly promote affordable housing projects, give priority to the interests of the people, adhere to the mass line, vigorously promote the renovation of dilapidated houses and villages, and maintain the smooth and healthy operation of the housing market. We will further accelerate the development of social undertakings, build a number of infrastructure facilities, optimize the distribution of existing resources, continuously improve the social security system, and gradually realize the equalization of public services. We will further strengthen cultural development, improve the public cultural service network, accelerate the development of the cultural industry, and better meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people.