Since the founding of our metal mine open pit mining technology has made great progress with the development of our country in the development of open pit steep slope mining, high-level mining, rapid burst through technology and has certain technical advantages, basically in line with international research Trends, and even some technologies have reached international leadership. In the open-pit mine transportation system, equipment large-scale, automation, it is close to the international advanced level, in the digital mine, mining monitoring means modernization and modern management of mines and other aspects. Moved difficulty, high cost disadvantage large mobile crusher R & D group has achieved rapid development. Foreign large-scale open pit, such as intermittent Australian Newman iron ore Mountains, Lander Valley copper mine in Canada, the United States Xiyalita copper-molybdenum mine, etc. - continuous mining technology to use more movable crushing station. In 1997, China's Anshan Iron and Steel Qidashan Iron Mine built the mine and rock movable crushing tape transportation system for the first time in China. The system has been operating normally since it was put into operation, marking the discontinuous-continuous mining process of deep open pit mines in China. The world's advanced level. [1.4 Large-scale deep-deep open-pit mine steep slope railway transportation system] After the open-pit mine enters the deep-concave mining stage, it adopts the gentle-slope railway transportation and slow-work mining method below 30‰, which is less efficient. With the increase of mining depth, the growth of transportation routes and the sharp increase of transportation costs, it has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of mines. To this end, during the “10th Five-Year†scientific and technological research, China successfully developed a large-scale deep-pit open-pit mine steep slope railway transportation system. In China, the deep-slope open-pit mine steep slope railway transportation was realized for the first time, effectively solving the steep slope railway crawling and insufficient traction of the locomotive. The technical difficulties of network security power supply have successfully broken the "bottleneck" of the steep slope railway transportation of large deep open pit mines. The result is applied to the Zhujiabao iron ore mine of Pangang Group. The depth of Yanshen railway transportation is 45m, the mining iron ore is 30 million tons, the stripping ratio is reduced by 0.42 tons/ton, the iron transportation ratio is increased by 20.72%, and the mine service life is extended. In 15 years, the mining cost was reduced by 25.33% and the direct economic benefit was 723 million yuan. The results were extended to Benxishan open-pit iron mine of Benxi Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. The depth of Yanshen Railway transportation was 72m, saving investment of 150 million yuan, mining cost was reduced by 30.43%, and direct economic benefit was 560 million yuan. [1.5 Safe and Efficient Mining Technology for Large Deep Open-pit Mines] The safe and efficient mining technology for large-scale deep-pit open pit mines is the result of the “10th Five-Year†scientific and technological research. This achievement has carried out research on the stability of deep-slot open-pit mine slope and the information management of production scheduling. The combination of modern three-dimensional numerical simulation and three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis is used for the first time to analyze the stability of open slope. Optimization provides a scientific method for the design of deep concave open pit slope; develops a real-time automated production scheduling system and management platform based on GPS positioning, realizes the positioning, tracking and scheduling of personnel and equipment in the production process, and realizes The entire process control of the entire production system, and it is always in the optimization and efficient operation, the production efficiency is greatly improved. [1.6 No-small (micro) public hazard blasting technology in the stope] No (micro) public hazard blasting technology in the stope for the three major public hazards of mine blasting (blasting dust, blasting vibration and blasting flying stone), independently designed and established blasting dust Collecting and testing the analysis system, the new high-efficiency toxic gas absorbent was developed for the first time, and the reasonable micro-dust toxic charge structure was determined, and the mine blasting was achieved without (low) pollution. At the same time, a hydraulic boosting charge structure and a reasonable arrangement of detonation timing and time difference, and a comprehensive vibration damping blasting technology using a cushioning soft plug layer were invented, which greatly reduced dust and blasting vibration and significantly improved the blasting effect; The flying stone flexible protective net system was developed. The blasting flying stone throwing distance was reduced by 50%, and the flying stone block degree could be controlled within 100mm, forming a complete set of mine blasting pollution control technology. The technology as a whole is at the international advanced level. [1.7 Key technologies for smooth transition from open pit to underground mining] The key technology for smooth transition from open pit to underground mining is the national “Eleventh Five-Year†scientific and technological research project. This topic is aimed at the transition of open pit mines to underground mines, mine development systems and open underground. How to smoothly connect production capacity, how to achieve underground high-efficiency mining under high and steep slopes, how to prevent water inrush from open pit to underground mining, how to establish open-air slope landslide caused by mining disturbance and early warning mechanism of underground surrounding rock collapse, etc. In the process, the key technical difficulties of mining and safety were studied, and the following results were achieved: the dynamic relationship function of open-pit to underground mining boundary was established, and the method for determining the reasonable transition time from open-pit to underground mining was invented; The safety of caving mining is invented, and the formula for calculating the thickness of the overburden layer covering layer is invented. The formation technology of the composite layer of ore rock is proposed for the first time, which overcomes the safety technical problem of the open pit to underground caving mining method. Recovery performance, invented double bottom structure and process The technology has realized safe and efficient mining; in view of the characteristics of large-scale and concentrated water collection in open pits, creatively proposed a new idea for constructing emergency middle-stage to prevent water inrush disaster, invented the construction method of emergency water tank, and improved the open-air underground. The ability to prevent water inrush from mining; established the domestic 30-channel microseismic monitoring network system for the first time in China, constructed a safety monitoring and disaster warning system for open-pit mining to underground mining, developed damage assessment of surrounding rock damage, software analysis of rock mass quality, and microseismic The integration of monitoring data and three-dimensional stress field data, the early warning and forecast of mine stress field background, visual digital scene, monitoring data, remote transmission of the Internet, expert consultation and mine personnel positioning and emergency rescue, have reliably prevented mine disasters. [1.8 Extra large open-air safe and efficient mining technology] This topic is the national “Twelfth Five-Year†scientific and technological research project, which is aimed at the characteristics of China and China's overseas large-scale open-pit iron ore deposits, from the perspective of efficiency, economy and safety. Developed the dynamic optimization technology for the stripping flood peak control of the steep slope open pit deposit, the production scale optimization technology based on the economic dynamic assessment and the total stripping and stripping balance, the ore loss control control adaptive technology under the multi-factor interference of the extra large open pit mine, and the extra large The open-pit mine new level multi-section development technology has broken through the key technical difficulties of high-efficiency and low-cost mining in large-scale open pit mines, and established a technical and economic system for large-scale open pit mining. The technology is at the international advanced level. [2 Comparison of open-pit mining technology with foreign advanced level] China's metal mine open-pit mining technology has made remarkable achievements. It has developed rapidly in open-pit mine steep mining, high-step mining and wear-explosion technology and has certain technical advantages. Research trends, and even some technologies have reached international leadership. However, in the open-pit mine transportation system, equipment large-scale, automation, it is close to the international advanced level, and there is a big gap in digital mines, modernization of mining monitoring methods and modern management of mines. [Continuous mining process, diversified and efficient transportation methods] In terms of steep mining, the work of steep mining in China is about 40°, while the working edge of the United States, Canada and Russia with advanced open pit mining technology has been Up to 45°. Like foreign countries, the discontinuous-continuous mining process of most mines in China has realized the movable rock breakage-tape transport in the stope; the steep slope railway can extend the railway transport to a deeper stage in the open pit mine, and the transport capacity is increased by 25%. The transportation cost has been reduced by 20%. China has achieved a slope limit of 45‰～50‰ on the steep slope railway. In terms of high-level mining, China has achieved a high-step production of 18m in Nanfen Iron Mine, which has reduced the unit mining cost. In the open-pit mining process, most of China has reached the international advanced level. [Large mining equipment] In terms of drilling rigs , the perforating equipment of metal open pit mines in China includes roller drills and down-hole drills. Large-scale mines mainly use roller drills. The diameter of boreholes is mainly 250mm and 310mm. The small and medium-sized open pit mines mainly use latent diving. Hole drilling, the diameter of the drilling is mostly 200mm; the foreign perforating equipment basically adopts the roller drill, and the diameter of the drilling is mostly 311~381mm, 445mm, 559mm. In terms of shovel loading, electric shovel equipment is dominant in foreign countries (about 48%), but the application of hydraulic shovel is expanding (about 26%), and the capacity is 21m3, 38m3, and 43m3. The shovel is the main one. At present, Taiyuan Heavy Industry has developed the WK-75 mining shovel with a bucket capacity of 75m3, which is the world's largest excavator. In terms of automobile transportation, the current quality of electric wheel vehicles used in large foreign mines is 240 tons, 320 tons and 150 tons, and the maximum can reach 363 tons. The mass of large-scale open-pit mining vehicles in China is 120 tons and 170 tons. . In November 2015, Aerospace Heavy Industries independently developed a H-ton 3363 two-axle electric wheel mining dump truck with a load capacity of 363 tons, marking the domestic open-pit mining vehicle equipment entering the world's advanced level. [Blasting technology] Foreign open pit mines widely use large-area differential blasting technology in large areas to increase the amount of ore per blast, reduce the number of blasting, improve equipment utilization, and improve blasting quality. This is a general form. The continuous introduction of new explosives and blasting equipment has a major impact on improving blasting accuracy, improving blasting quality, and strengthening blasting safety. [Production Management Automation] Foreign metal open pit mines have developed a variety of software platforms in production management automation, computer online control and design applications, such as Gemcom's surpac, mineshed, whi tons tons, Micromine's micromine, fieldmarshal, Gbis and other achievements have been made. These software platforms can be used for optimization and design of open pit mines, production schedule planning, strategic planning for open pit mine development, production simulation analysis, evaluation of transportation systems and selection of shipping equipment, preparation of vehicle dispatch systems, and management of maintenance planning for mining equipment. Plan spare parts storage and supply control, simulate major production processes and optimize work parameters, perform financial analysis, and more. In recent years, China has independently developed related software platforms, such as the dimine software independently developed by the Digital Mine Research Center of Central South University and the 3Dmine software developed by Beijing 3DMINE Mining Software Company. However, the overall automation management level is not high and needs to be strengthened. [Open-pit to underground mining technology] Most of the open-air underground mines are connected to the open-pit mining system. There is no transportation system in the open pit, the underground tunnel is used uniformly, and the underground crushing station and lifting system are used together. This has reduced the infrastructure investment in open-pit stripping and underground mining, such as the Kiruna Mine in Sweden and the Pihasar Mine in Finland. However, most of the open-pit mining mines in China use open-pit mining, which is less considered. The combination of open-pit and underground mining process systems and mutual utilization problems have caused problems such as large amount of underground wells, high investment, and long construction time. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, many research institutes in China have carried out a lot of research on the technical requirements for future open-pit mining and future development trends, and have made important progress. For example, the smooth transition technology of open-pit to underground mining developed by the Maanshan Mine Research Institute of Sinosteel Group has been designed and researched in open pit mines such as Shirengou and Magang Gushan in Hebei Province, and has achieved good application results. Provide theoretical basis and practical experience. [3 Main directions of open pit mining technology development] In the coming period, the development trend of open pit mining technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects. [Development process to continuous and intensive development] The traditional open pit mining is to blast the ore after loading it into the transportation vehicle (car or railway) with the shovel equipment on the working surface and then transport it to the destination. Over the past decades, open-pit mining technology has been continuously developed, and mining equipment has become increasingly large. The excavation equipment capacity of domestic open-pit mines has reached more than 15m3, and the large-scale transportation equipment-electric wheel load tonnage has reached more than 154 tons, greatly improving mine production capacity, but With the rising prices of major raw materials such as petroleum and the high CPI price index, the mining cost has risen linearly; with the deepening of deep mining conditions in open pit mines, the transportation distance of mines has increased, transportation efficiency has decreased, and transportation energy consumption has increased. Many problems such as the increase of environmental pollution in the mines restrict the development of open-pit mining technology in China. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new mining technology methods and supporting equipment from the source of open pit mining technology to solve the problems of high cost, high pollution and high energy consumption of mines. Large-scale open-pit mine intensive and continuous mining technology will transform the concept of mine transportation, abandon the traditional concept of mobile transportation, develop new concepts of open-pit mining transmission logistics, innovate open-pit mining technology theory, and practice the establishment of open pit mining face ore loading-broken - Centralized mining system for transport. This will be a new open-pit mining method that comprehensively improves the mining technology level and achieves high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving goals. It is the future development trend of large-scale open pit mine technology. [Equipment level to large-scale, intelligent development] Reviewing the history of mining, the development of open-pit mining is mainly achieved through the advancement of mining equipment. In the past 20 years, the trend of large-scale mining equipment is very obvious, especially no operation. Space-limited open-pit mining equipment, with a wide range of equipment with hundreds of thousands of tons of work and thousands of tons of equipment. The rapid development of mining equipment has greatly changed mining methods and processes and promoted the development of mining technology. The highest annual output of ore in large open-pit mines abroad has reached 40 million to 50 million tons. It is generally used with electric shovel of more than 10m3 and trucks with a load of more than 170 tons. The maximum electric shovel capacity is 43m3, and the truck load has reached 240 tons. The diameter of the blasting blasthole has been generally developed to 400-440mm, and the blasting scale is maintained at 600,000-100,000 tons each time; the height of the step is generally more than 15m, and the individual reaches 20m. The largest open-pit mine (single stope) in China has an annual output of only 8 million tons to 12 million tons of iron ore, most of which are 4 to 10 m3, and most of the trucks are 25 to 75 tons. Practice has proved that the application of large-scale equipment to achieve large-scale mining production will inevitably bring high benefits to enterprises. [Large and deep open-pit mining technology will be developed] At present, some open-pit mines in China have entered the extremely deep mining stage, and have gained certain experience. There are also some problems: 1 When the deep-sea open mining is carried out, the mining cost increases. The transportation distance is increased, the transportation conditions are deteriorated, and the production output enters the decay period. 2 When the open pit mine enters the deep deep mining, the investment is huge to solve the problem of the stability of the high steep slope and the deep water to the slope; 3 pairs enter the extremely deep open pit mine Mining mines, due to the slow diffusion of harmful gases such as stope blasting, cause mining efficiency and environmental pollution problems. In the next 10 years, most of the open-pit mines in China will gradually enter the deep and deep mining stage, solve the special technical problems of extremely deep open-pit mining, and achieve stable production of mines with less investment, shorter time and safely. Increasing production has important theoretical value and practical significance for realizing sustainable development of mines. It is a comprehensive technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the development of metal mining industry in China, and has broad application prospects. [Open-air digital mining technology will change the traditional mining technology and technology of mines, and realize the automatic control and scientific management automation of mine operations] China's open-air digital mining technology is supported by the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†and “Twelfth Five-Year†National Science and Technology Plan Project. Some achievements have been made, but overall, the level of informationization and intelligence of mine production in China is still far from that of developed countries in foreign countries. The level of technical equipment, labor productivity and safety guarantee of mines in China are far lower. At the advanced level in foreign countries, it is urgent to further develop independent intelligent mining technology and equipment and promote its industrialization. Among them, including mine virtual reality platform, intelligent management and control platform for mining process, intelligent mining software, mine production intelligent system, mine IOT key technology, intelligent real-time monitoring and control technology for mining process, intelligent mining equipment and intelligent control Technology, intelligent mining standard system, mining environment monitoring and monitoring technology. Digital mine technology will fundamentally improve the intrinsic safety of China's mines, enhance the core competitiveness of China's mining industry, and enable China to truly move from a mining power to a mining power. At the same time, it will promote the rise of intelligent mining instruments and equipment. And development. [Establishing the research and application of environmental protection is indispensable for the construction of modern open-pit mines in the next 10 years] The 21st century is a new era of industrial development based on environmental protection. Open-pit mine is an industry that destroys the ecological environment. In order to realize the development prospects of environmentally-friendly mining enterprises, it is necessary to comprehensively control the mining and post-mining geological environment and reclamation of the land. According to a mine statistics, due to serious pollution of the atmosphere, it is forced to stop production for 10% to 12%, that is, more than one month. In order to improve the working environment, the mine has applied fixed, mobile dust removal devices and automatic control systems, as well as various effective single-machine dust suppression measures and integrated dust prevention methods to effectively control the dust hazard. Ventilation and dust prevention of open-pit mines in China has attracted attention with the emergence of deep-pit open-pit mines. Dust-proof, blasting and dust-removing of open-pit mine rigs has achieved good results. Some mining developed countries abroad pay great attention to the research and development and application of land reclamation technology. The former Soviet Union listed the gold mining and mining company, the open-pit mine occupied the most fertile black land. Since it was put into production, it has stripped 1 billion m3 of rock and soil, destroyed more than 4000 hm2 of land, 9 dumping sites, tailings ponds, open pits, industrial sites, The reservoir and other buildings occupy a total area of ​​10,000 hm2, of which 55% are arable land. Under the guidance of the relevant state departments, they absorb the scientific and technological forces to jointly manage and rehabilitate or plant trees. The cumulative reclamation area has reached 10,000 hm2 since it was put into production. The results are remarkable. China's open pit mine dumping site is the main target of mine land reclamation. For example, in the past 40 years after the liberation of Daye Iron Mine, 80 million tons of iron ore were collected, and the total amount of mining and stripping reached 390 million tons. At the same time, due to mining excavation, pressure occupation, and collapse, the total occupied land reached 1,121 hm2 (16815 mu). . After several years of research and development and comprehensive management, the reclamation of hard rock dumps has become a reality, but the speed is slow. It can be seen that there is still a certain gap between China and foreign countries. It is imperative to how to modernize the existing advanced environmental protection technologies and equipment at home and abroad, promote and apply them in mines, and improve various problems in mine environmental protection as soon as possible. [No (low) waste mining technology will be developed] In the mining process, the mine not only obtains the useful materials needed, but also generates a large amount of waste and forms disasters, such as the accumulation of waste rock and tailings on the surface. Surface subsidence and slope damage. The waste rock and tailings are piled on the surface, which not only occupy a lot of valuable land, but also cause serious atmospheric and water pollution. At the same time, it also provides conditions for the formation of debris flow, landslide and tailings dam collapse accidents. Surface subsidence and slope collapse It has caused huge losses to people’s lives and property. Therefore, in the past 20 years, foreign countries have conducted a lot of research on waste reduction mining technology. The way to achieve waste-free mining is to use mining methods and process technologies that produce less waste, and second, to return the waste from mining to open pits, ie, open pits. To achieve waste-free mining, it is necessary not only to fully understand its importance in terms of concept, but also to conduct systematic research in the aspects of mining engineering layout, mining technology, and transportation equipment technology. [4 main problems] Compared with the world's technologically advanced countries, the development of China's metal mining industry has long faced multiple pressures of resources, energy shortage and deterioration of the ecological environment. The pattern of extensive economic growth has not changed fundamentally. China is a country with low per capita possession of iron ore resources, and has many poor ore deposits, few rich minerals, and the exploitation of shallow easy-prone iron deposits. A large number of deep iron-poor deposits and complex hard-to-mine mining beds are put into operation. At present, China's open pit mining technology is at the international advanced level as a whole, but the adaptability of the overall technology of mining equipment is still far from the international advanced level. The research on energy conservation and consumption reduction in mining integration is weak, resulting in low mine productivity and poor economic efficiency. . Therefore, strengthen the scientific basic research of mining science, rely on scientific and technological progress to improve the level of mining technology and equipment, low-cost and high-efficiency development and utilization of limited resources, reduce the external dependence of iron ore, become the realistic needs of metallurgical mines for survival and development and guarantee China Major issues that need to be addressed in the safe operation of the steel industry. The major scientific problems and technical problems in open pit mining are attributed to mining equipment, mining automation and information management technology issues: China's large-scale mining equipment is still mainly introduced, digested and re-innovated, and the independent research and development, large-scale and system integration capabilities of new equipment. Poor, industrial manufacturing is weak. There is still a clear gap between China's open pit mining and the developed countries in the automatic control and information management of chiseling, explosion, transfer and transportation. Car Wash Brush,Car Wash Brush With Handle,Professional Car Wash Brush,Car Wash Scrub Brush Ningbo Longyang Auto Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.zjlongyang-manufacturer.com