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Li Dehui told reporters that in addition to applying a base fertilizer in a growing season of rice, it is necessary to catch a fat at the time of tillering and strong seed. A person can sprinkle 20 acres a day. Every time he fertilizes, he needs to hire two or three people to work for several days. The daily wage is 160 yuan, plus the tube of rice to smoke, counted down to 200 yuan a day. In addition, the price of fertilizers has been rising in recent years, and the use of fertilizer is considered to be a small expenditure in the cost of rice cultivation.
Simultaneous precision fertilization technology to reduce weight loss in rice
[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] For Li Dehui, a large grain grower in Luojiang Town, Miluo City, Hunan Province, which has planted 400 acres of rice, three times a quarter of fertilization is a laborious and laborious task. In the past two years, Li Dehui has cooperated with others to set up an agricultural machinery cooperative, and purchased a variety of agricultural machinery. The rice processing, rice transplanting, pesticide fight, harvesting, drying and other aspects can be mechanized, but fertilization is still based on labor.
Simultaneous precision fertilization technology to reduce weight loss in rice
Can fertilization of rice be mechanized? Can you reduce the amount and cost of fertilizer? Beginning this year, the application of a simultaneous precision fertilization technique has turned Li Dehui's wish into reality.
Does rice really need so much fertilizer?
"In the past few years, I feel that fertilizer has not been used before." Li Dehui said to reporters that in the past few years, rice base fertilizer was generally about 50 pounds. In the past two years, he added the amount to six or seventy kilograms. On the one hand, because the rain will wash away a part of the fertilizer, Li Dehui feels that he has to apply a little more insurance. On the other hand, in order to ensure high yield, the amount of fertilizer can only be reduced.
Not only Li Dehui, but many local farmers have such a mentality. “Farmers often have a misunderstanding. If they want high yields, they should use more fertilizers. This idea is wrong.†Guo Shiwei, a professor at Nanjing Agricultural University, has conducted several years of research and found that many farmers have applied too much fertilizer and used fertilizer per mu. Both are above 20 kg, which is still a conservative figure.
And does our rice really need so much fertilizer? Guo Shiwei told reporters that the average amount of fertilizer used in rice is 10 kilograms per mu. Countries such as Japan and the Philippines have enough fertilizer to ensure high yield of rice. At present, the utilization rate of rice in China is only about 35%. The excessive application of fertilizer and the unscientific fertilization method are important reasons.
“Farmers apply fertilization to rice, and many fertilizers are water-soluble. Rice fields are often filled with water, and nutrients are easily lost with water. Especially in June and July, there is more rain, and most of the fertilizer is washed away by rain. Not only affects the nutrient utilization rate, resulting in no increase in fertilizer production, and the input of excessive fertilizer also causes pollution of water and nitrogen, etc." Wang Shuping, chairman of Hunan Longzhou Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., who has been crawling in the muddy field A little bit of experience. Seeing that the eutrophication of water in these years led to the outbreak of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake, the loss of fertilizer has become the main source of non-point source pollution in rural waters. Wang Shuping feels that it is necessary to do something to solve this problem.
Using less fertilizer can make rice "eat and eat well"
How much fertilizer is needed in the process of rice growth to eat and eat? How to apply fertilizer to reduce fertilizer loss and use fertilizer on the "blade"? Since 2013, Wang Shuping began experimenting and exploring a rice field in Honghua Township, Miluo City.
It is an effective measure to improve fertilizer utilization, improve fertilization methods and deep application of chemical fertilizers. In many European and American countries, food crops are mainly based on mechanization of chemical fertilizers. It is pointed out that the average utilization rate of nitrogen in the application of ammonium bicarbonate is 30%, and the average utilization rate in deep application can reach 47%. Following this line of thinking, in the case of the same conditions of weather, irrigation, and application of medicine, the four test fields were applied according to 55%, 59%, 60%, and 80% of the conventional fertilizer, respectively, except that the fertilization method was Different - manually place the fertilizer ball in the soil 4 to 6 cm deep and 4 cm from the seedling. The results of the post-test showed that the yields of the four test areas were very close to those of the conventional fertilization method. That is to say, reducing the amount of fertilizer and improving the fertilization method can completely guarantee the rice yield, which made Wang Shuping have a bottom.
By 2015, the test area was expanded to seven, and the fertilizer varieties were added with slow-release fertilizers for comparison. The final results showed that the fertilization method was carried out by using a hole of 4 cm from the rice plant and a depth of 5 cm, in the case of one-third of the fertilizer. It still increased production by 4.5%, and increased production by 9.5% with 14% fertilizer saving, which made Wang Shuping's confidence more sufficient.
Then, it is to study how to apply fertilizer to the paddy fields. Farmers cannot rely on artificial seedlings and seedlings to acupoint fertilization. To achieve this goal, the development of supporting agricultural machinery is the key.