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The tanker structure generally includes a car chassis, tanks, pipes, pumps, valves, hoses, various instruments and safety devices.
Foreign tank cars are mostly heavy-duty tankers, such as the bulk tonnage of bulk cement trucks in Germany is more than 15 tons; Belgium Moore’s large-scale powder tankers have already achieved serial production. The chassis of large tankers are heavy-duty truck chassis (with a power of 147 kW or more). Most of them use semi-bearing load-bearing structures, which are generally twin-axles. The reason for the heavy-duty is mainly that the heavy-duty vehicles have better economic benefits, and the vehicles have large power and high strength, and have the advantage that the small and medium-sized vehicles cannot be replaced.
In recent years, foreign special car manufacturers have gradually paid attention to the application of new materials and new technologies on special vehicles. Microcomputer applications are gradually penetrating all industries. Tank cars are no exception. Microcomputers have been widely used in engine control, variable speed control, power transmission of special devices, electrical fault diagnosis, etc. The use value of special vehicles has been gradually expanded, and the technical characteristics have been significantly improved.
While improving technicality and using new materials, it is also important to improve the safety of tankers. The new U.S. standard requires that all tanker trucks must ensure that under no circumstances will high-toxic products such as chlorine and ammonia leak out. At the same time, the material properties of the inner shell and outer cladding of tanker trucks for transporting such dangerous goods are more demanding to ensure that they have crack resistance. In addition, the new rules require that each side of the tanker must have a special protective layer and be fitted with better valves and nozzles.
In the past, increasing the capacity of tanks mainly depended on increasing the size and increasing the total mass of the vehicle. Now, it is achieved by optimizing the structure and reducing the quality of the curbs. In industrialized countries, more and more manufacturers use chassis for tank trucks. One is to obtain the best power match, the second is to reduce their own weight, and the third is to significantly reduce the height of the center of gravity of the tank. For example, in Finland, a new type of semi-trailer tanker, according to the principles of aircraft engineering and its own tank characteristics, traction engine placed in the cab below the front floor, so that the vehicle center of gravity down, and significantly reduce their own weight. U.S. company tractors use small-diameter tires on the rear axle and trailer axles to move the tank forward, increasing the length of the tank, effectively reducing the height of the traction seat, and increasing the load by 25%.
Without increasing the quality of tankers, improving the strength and stiffness of tanks is also a key focus for future development. In order to improve the torsional strength of the tank, three-point support structures are now used abroad. Sweden's 15-meter semi-trailer tank is made of double-layered aluminum alloy. The center is made of high-strength insulation material and has good rigidity.
China's tank car booming
The development trend of foreign tank car products has great impact on the market and technology of tank car products in China. It can be said that the development of tank cars in our country draws on many foreign experiences.
Tank cars are a type of vehicle that has grown steadily with the improvement of economic levels and social development. In China, the tank car market has a very good development environment compared with foreign countries. At present, the annual demand for the tank car market in China is more than 40,000, of which oil transportation, construction and cement transportation, and chemical product transportation are developing well in China. At present, the main task of China’s socio-economic development is to improve the country’s overall strength and international competitiveness, properly balance various interest relationships, maximize the creation of job opportunities, reduce the dependence of economic growth on natural resources, and build a harmonious and stable society. The goal of building an overall well-to-do society. Through the country’s development policy, we can see that the macro environment has stimulated the demand and provided new opportunities for the development of logistics transportation vehicles in China.
With the rapid development of the transportation industry, China's special vehicles have shown vigorous development momentum, of which tank cars and vans have shown the most significant growth. The common tank cars are bulk material tankers, road sweeping vehicles, multi-function sprinklers, rear-mounted compression garbage trucks, liquefied gas high-pressure tankers, tank trucks, sewage suction trucks, and high-pressure cleaning trucks.
Taking the concrete mixer as an example, although many infrastructure projects were delayed from the previous year to the present, the development of the real estate industry has also slowed down, and the market sales have declined. However, the market base is relatively large, and the huge capacity is for concrete mixers to enter the market. Provide more opportunities. This year marks the beginning of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. The infrastructure investment will continue to grow rapidly. Although the momentum of rapid growth of real estate in the real estate industry has slowed down, 36 million sets of national “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†plans have been implemented. Housing projects and affordable housing are proceeding in an orderly manner at an annual rate of more than 7 million units. In addition, in 2011, the No. 1 document of the Central Government called for the expansion of water conservancy projects. It will spend 4 years to invest 4 trillion yuan in agricultural water conservancy construction, and each year will be 400 billion yuan. These projects are gradually being implemented. In other respects, although the pace of the construction of railways, highways, and airport projects has slowed, it is still moving forward. At the same time, the pace of urbanization in China has also been accelerating. In 2012, China’s urban residents reached 710 million people, rural population was 640 million, and the urbanization rate reached 52.5%. This is an important watershed in the process of urbanization in China. It will provide machinery for construction vehicles and mixers.
As China's car ownership grows, the demand for gasoline and diesel will soar. Since most of the oil depots, refineries, and gas stations do not lay oil pipelines but transport them in batches and in batches, the demand for oil tankers and refueling vehicles will increase year by year. Therefore, the outlook for the tanker market is still broad, especially for heavy or semi-trailer tankers.
At present, the tanker market is still at a stage of development and the market concentration of products is low. In general, the performance of the tanker vehicle market in recent years is good, but the technical strength is weak and the scale is small, and it is still the main problem of this kind of enterprise. There are dozens of companies in the same product category, and one company produces many products. In contrast, the same type of products in developed countries is produced by up to three or five companies, and one company produces only a few products at most.
With the increase of vehicle ownership in China, environmental protection and energy issues have become increasingly severe. Therefore, the national emission standards have become increasingly stringent, and users are increasingly concerned about the fuel economy of tankers. This situation restricts the development of the tanker industry and makes the export products weak in the international market. Especially in countries and regions where the restrictions on emissions are very strict, they can only rely on lower prices and higher price/performance ratios to seize the international market.
Many measures to promote the development of tank cars
Under such circumstances, we must give full play to China's existing advantages in the design and processing of large-tonnage tank vehicles, optimize the performance of existing products, consolidate market share, continue to maintain the production advantages of liquid food vehicles, and vigorously promote oil tanks. Car market development. On the basis of liquefied petroleum gas tankers, it will expand into other medium tanker products, especially low-temperature liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, liquid helium, liquid oxygen and other gas carriers. Tank cars mainly develop pressure and atmospheric pressure two series. First, pressure tank trucks are developing on the basis of existing liquefied petroleum gas, propylene, phenol, and ethylene oxide transportation vehicles in the direction of low temperature, ultra-high pressure, and high added value. Accelerate the development of liquid low-temperature high-pressure transport vehicles such as liquid ammonia, carbon disulfide, liquid oxygen, liquid argon and other cryogenic media, natural gas and other ultra-high pressure media. The second is that atmospheric tankers will focus on the development of non-ferrous metals and actively implement them on the basis of existing products such as tankers, liquid food carriers, sprinklers, sewage suction trucks, bulk material carriers, and bulk cement trucks. It also implements the concept of lightweight design and manufacture of products to effectively suppress the overcapacity of tank cars and optimize the use environment of tank cars.
China's research on lightweighting of tankers has only just begun. The vast majority of tankers in China are welded with ordinary low-carbon steel plates. The heavy weight of the steel tank increases the consumption of fuel and greatly increases transportation costs and pollution damage to the environment. Aluminum alloy is not only light weight, but also has excellent corrosion resistance, more conductive, good thermal conductivity and many other advantages. In addition, parts made of aluminum and aluminum alloys are more valuable for reuse than parts made of steel—95% of aluminum alloys can be reused. Therefore, the use of aluminum alloy tanks made of tankers can greatly reduce the weight of the vehicle itself, save fuel, reduce energy waste, and can ease the pressure caused by environmental pollution control.
Good prospects for development
In the next few years, the market puts forward higher requirements for tank cars. In addition to requiring high safety, closeness, and good vibration damping, the product also requires serialization, high-tech content, and high added value. Therefore, heavy-duty tank cars suitable for market demand will become one of the hot spots in the market in the next few years.
The development trends of tank car products include the following aspects: First, heavy-duty, multi-axis; Second, lightweight, high-tech. The specific performance is as follows: First, the development of production technology to the flexibility, automation, specialization, and production coordination network. Due to the internationalization of the market, global competition requires high speed and low cost in the product manufacturing process. The speed of product updates is getting faster and faster. Market demand is developing in the direction of small batches and individuation. The traditional small-scale enterprise model has become increasingly less competitive, and various forms of cooperative development have emerged. The second is the development of design technology to CAD, and the virtual technology will be widely used. CAD technology has played a positive role in shortening the development cycle, improving product quality and reducing costs. The third is the development of test technology in an intelligent and systematic way. With the development of China's tank car production and manufacturing technology, the coverage of special vehicle testing will be wider and wider. From traditional measurement instruments to various test equipment, from single test to cooperation test, from hardware to software Increasingly higher and more complex requirements. 