Phosphate ore flotation process

Different types of ore beneficiation process research and development 1.1 phosphorus ore beneficiation of our country in recent years, rapid, technically speaking with foreign countries closer, more mature technology and experience. According to different ore properties, the following beneficiation methods are usually adopted: the siliceous phosphate rock adopts Na SiO, and the positive flotation process of the anion collector positive float phosphate mineral is inhibited by the silicate mineral, and the sorting effect is better, such as Ningxia. Helanshan Mine, the process flow is shown in Figure 2. Fig. 2 The positive flotation process of siliceous phosphate rock deposits Calcareous phosphate rock adopts single reverse flotation process of inhibiting phosphate such as H sO or H PO, and anion collector flotation of carbonate minerals such as dolomite and calcite . The process flow is shown in Figure 3. For the ore containing P O27.0%, MgO 4.47%, SiO, 7.87%, this single reverse flotation process can obtain good ore dressing index of phosphate concentrate PO 32.89%, MgO 1.01% and phosphorus recovery rate 95.32%. To further improve the quality, can be employed - reverse flotation process, i.e. add Na CO, Na SiO inhibiting other silicates, anionic collector flotation of phosphate and calcium magnesium carbonate minerals, and then use H sO or H PO adjust the pH to 5.5-6.0 to inhibit phosphate, and the anion collector reverse flotation of carbonate minerals, which can increase the PO content of phosphate concentrate to 35.17%, MgO to 0.78%, R2O 31.97 %, phosphorus recovery rate of 91.98% of good mineral processing indicators, such as Guizhou Yanfu phosphate mine, the process is shown in Figure 4. Fig.3 Flow chart of single reverse flotation process of sedimentary calcareous phosphate rock 4 Process of sedimentary calcareous phosphate ore-reverse flotation process Deposition of metamorphic silicon. Calcareous phosphate is an easy-to-float apatite type phosphate rock, using Na CO, Na SiO and other direct inhibition flotation process of silicon and calcium minerals, anion collector positive flotation apatite, for raw ore containing P:O 8.0%, through this process can obtain phosphorus concentrate PO grade greater than 35% , a good indicator of phosphorus recovery rate of 83%, such as Huangmaling Concentrator in Dawu County, Hubei Province. Deposition of silicon. Calcareous phosphate rock phosphate ore is the most difficult type of phosphate ore. It has a large reserve and accounts for more than 85% of the country's total phosphate reserves. Colloidal phosphate is a finely crystalline fine-grained apatite bonded with silicates and carbonates. The ca in the crystal lattice can be ionized by elements such as Mg, Mn, Sr, Na, K, and Sn. The replacement, phosphate ions can also be replaced by other anionic groups, resulting in changes in surface properties. This apatite inlay is very fine, difficult to dissociate from the gangue mineral monomer, at the same time, gangue minerals It not only contains silicate minerals, but also contains impurity minerals such as dolomite and calcite that are similar to the floatability of apatite, making it difficult and difficult to sort. This type of phosphate rock uses positive-reverse flotation (see the process flow). Figure 4), reverse. Positive flotation (first use H sO or H PO to inhibit phosphorus minerals, anionic collector reverse flotation of dolomite and other carbonate minerals, then use lime, Na CO, Na SiO, etc. to suppress silicon Acid salt and anion collector are flotation phosphate minerals, the process flow is shown in Figure 5) or double reverse flotation (first use H sO or H PO to inhibit phosphorus minerals, anionic collector reverse flotation dolomite, etc. Carbonate minerals, and then the slurry is de-slurried and then cation minerals are used to reverse float flotation of silicate minerals. Figure 6) The beneficiation process is sorted. The first two processes are not easy to obtain good separation effect. The latter has better sorting effect, but the selective high-efficiency cation collector and beneficiation process still need to be further The research, such as Hubei Yichang Phosphate Mine, Jingjing Phosphate Mine, etc. Figure 5 Pore phosphate anti-positive flotation process flow chart 6 Phosphate rock double reverse flotation process flow weathered or muddy minerals containing more phosphate rock For example, the Mobga concentrator in Morocco and the weathered phosphate ore around the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province can be used to scrub the phosphate rock. For the mixing of more surrounding rock or lean phosphate rock in the mining process, The combined process of heavy medium cyclone-flotation is to remove the light-weight large-grained gangue by adjusting the medium density in the case of coarse-grained grade, and improve the P 0 grade of the ore into the ore to reduce the ore dressing cost. These laws are the result of decades of scientific research by China and the world's phosphate ore dressing workers. They have been obtained through a large number of mineral processing practices in recent years, and they have also made progress in scientific and technological progress in phosphate ore dressing in recent years. 2.2 Hubei Phosphorus Basic conditions of mineral processing In the Dawu mining area and Huangmei mining area in eastern Hubei, two ore dressing plants using a single positive flotation process are currently in existence. Since the phosphate ore in this mining area is a metamorphic phosphate rock, the ore dressing is relatively easy, and the plant is running well. The P 0 grade of the mine is above 35%. The Jingjing mining area mainly consists of the Dabankou Phosphate ore dressing plant. The plant uses a positive and negative flotation process, and the ore dressing index is ideal. The P 0 grade of the concentrate is greater than 31%. The recovery rate is more than 80%, and the current operation is normal, indicating that the phosphate ore dressing in Hubei Province is technically and economically feasible. There are currently two heavy medium concentrating plants in Yichang mining area, but the concentrate products cannot meet the production of diammonium phosphate. Therefore, the use of positive-reverse flotation or double-reverse flotation process in the Yichang mining area to construct low-grade phosphate ore is a problem that must be faced in the phosphate ore dressing in Hubei Province. Issues to be resolved 3.1 Promote “full-scale mining”. Resolutely stop "rich and abandon poverty" China's phosphate resources only account for 6.75% of the rich ore (about 857 million tons), but there are many low-grade and low-grade mines. In 2003, the country produced 26.88 million tons of phosphate rock, and exported 7.5 million tons of phosphate rock in the same year, accounting for 32% of the total; in 2004, the country mined 26.17 million tons of phosphate rock, and exported 6.25 million tons of phosphate rock in the same year. The volume of 23.8%; the export of phosphate rock contains P 0 between 32% and 34%, which is a high-grade rich ore. In the two years, only the rich ore used for export accounted for 32% of the total annual phosphate production. % ~ 23.8%, if combined with the rich ore used in domestic phosphorus chemical industry, then the mining capacity of rich ore accounts for a larger total of total phosphate mining in the whole year. In 2006, the amount of phosphate ore produced in Hubei Province was 12 million tons, of which 8 million tons were rich ore, and 4 million tons were low-grade and low-grade ore. The rich ore accounted for 66% of the total mining volume. These fully illustrate how widespread and serious the phenomenon of “harvesting and abandoning poverty” in China's phosphate mining production. Taking Hubei Phosphorus Mine as an example, Yichang Phosphorus Mine (reserves about 8.1 billion tons) is a two-poor ore belt (average P 0 15% to 18%), and the Jiayi-rich belt (average P 0 32.79%) The structure of the sandwich biscuit layer, Jingjing Phosphate Mine is divided into four layers from bottom to top, the first layer contains an average of P 0 24%, and the third layer contains an average of P 0 17.32%. The thickness of the ore layer is thin, only a few meters to more than ten meters, and the lean ore and the rich ore layer are adjacent to each other. If the ore is mined separately, it is necessary to discard a considerable amount of lean ore. For example, the Yichang Phosphate Mine will discard 6-8 tons of lean ore. The pit formed after the rich mining will cause the poor ore to be mined and permanently discarded, and the waste of resources is very serious. If full-scale mining is carried out, that is, while the rich ore is mined, the adjacent lean ore is mined together, the rich ore can be used directly, and the lean ore is subjected to beneficiation to produce a phosphate concentrate (P 0 content greater than 30%) for use by phosphorus chemical enterprises. In this way, we can maintain the long-term sustainable and efficient development of the phosphating industry in China and Hubei Province. Otherwise, after more than ten years of rich mining, we will face the embarrassing situation of no mining and mining. By then, the construction of a large number of concentrating plants will be unprepared, and China’s phosphorus chemical industry will fall into unimaginable Among the dilemmas. 3.2 Strengthen the scientific research of mineral processing. Develop a rational and efficient new pharmacy, new process and new equipment for lean ore dressing 3.2.1 Research on new flotation reagents Whether it is Hubei phosphate ore dressing, or China phosphate ore dressing and world phosphate ore dressing, the biggest difficulty is Lack of highly selective and specific high-efficiency flotation reagents, such as anion collectors that are resistant to low temperatures, high solubility, good selectivity, and significant effects in the positive flotation process, as well as efficient inhibitors and double reverse flotation Highly efficient cation collector for flotation desiliconization in the process. Strengthening the research of these flotation reagents, focusing on the development of high-efficiency new agents will solve the most critical problems in the current phosphate ore dressing, especially for the beneficiation of sedimentary phosphate rock, which will make the development of phosphate ore dressing technology leap forward. . 3.2.2 Research on Process Flow A number of new processes for flotation of phosphate rock have been developed, and attention should be paid to the combined process of heavy-floating. The heavy medium cyclone is only a pre-selected equipment and process for throwing coarse tailings. It can only be used in ores with a particularly lean or surrounding rock. The concentrates produced need flotation for selection. Used as raw material for phosphorus chemical industry. For example, at present, some phosphate ore heavy medium selection plants in China have built a single heavy medium cyclone process. The production practice shows that the P 0 grade of concentrate is difficult to reach more than 30%, and the P 0 content in tailings is as high as 15%. The phosphorus loss is serious, the recovery rate is low, and the production is far from the test and design. The reason is that the density of phosphorus minerals is 3.05~3.10 g/cm, and the density of gangue minerals is 2.8~2.85 g/cm. The difference between the two is very small. The density of the selected medium should be 2.9 g/em, which is in industrial production. It is difficult to accurately ensure that the density of the heavy medium is stable at 2.9 g/em. A slight deviation will result in poor sorting effect, and the beneficiation index fluctuates frequently. Therefore, the heavy-floating combined process should be adopted to make the concentrate meet the quality requirements, reduce the grade of the tailings P 0 and reduce the loss of resources. Compared with the simple flotation process, the ore dressing cost can be Reduced. 3.2.3 Application of flotation column in flotation process In the late 1990s, Canada completely solved the foaming device and its control system of the flotation column. Currently, in addition to foreign countries has been widely used, the column flotation of non-ferrous metals in Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi, Hunan Shizhuyuan metal ore, iron ore and other Gongchangling Angang, metallurgical industry has been successfully applied. Compared with the traditional flotation machine, the flotation column has many advantages such as good sorting performance, low energy consumption and small floor space in the flotation, especially the high selectivity of flotation, which is expected to significantly increase the phosphate rock float. Selected effect. Phosphate mining Phosphate mining has two mining technologies: open pit mining and well mining. Some mining areas in Florida, Tennessee, North Carolina, and western China use open pit mining technology, while mining technology is only used in some areas of the west, but not in the east. The ore produced in most mines must be treated to separate the phosphate-containing fraction of the ore. Occasionally, the ore must be pulverized, and the phosphate-containing portion is separated from the impurities by a series of complicated processes such as washing, sieving, ore separation, shaker agglomeration and flotation, and is concentrated. After drying, it is suitable for phosphate fertilizer production. Figure 10-3 shows the various steps for screening phosphate rock in Florida, USA.

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