Humans have extracted huge amounts of ore and surrounding rock from the surface and the depth of the earth's surface. The impact crusher has changed and destroyed the natural balance of the earth's surface and the lithosphere, causing the geological environment to constantly change and deteriorate, giving birth to the construction and people's life. A big hazard has come, called the environmental geological problem of the mine. Good news came from the City Land Bureau, the city to secure the country after mining waste reclamation and utilization pilot policy, the city Iron Mountain - also to bridge the mine geological environment management demonstration project and approval by the Land Department and the Ministry of Finance, and as the project was allocated in 2012 to start the project funding 100 million yuan, it means that the comprehensive development of the city's mining waste treatment project will be officially launched. Governance will effectively broaden the industrial park and urban development space by dyeing green and rocky mountains, saving collapsed and polluted cultivated land, and replacing construction land indicators. In accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance, the city must organize the preparation of the implementation plan for the demonstration project of the Tieshan-Ground Bridge Mine Geological Environment Treatment as soon as possible and report it to the Ministry of Land and Resources for the record. The two ministries will combine the project implementation plan and the progress and funds according to the project construction. After the use of the management situation to arrange the annual budget, the state is expected to invest 1 billion yuan to support the construction of the project within three years. According to the second national land survey of the Municipal Department of Land and Resources, the per capita cultivated land of the city is only 0.67 mu, and the reserve resources for cultivated land available for development are less than 20,000 mu. The shortage of people and land and the insufficient reserve resources of cultivated land seriously restrict the sustainable development of economy and society; On the other hand, the city's existing industrial and mining wasteland is 210,000 mu, accounting for 2.8 of the total land area. A large number of contaminated cultivated land cannot be cultivated. The idle waste of industrial and mining wasteland not only affects the optimization and adjustment of the mine land structure and layout, but also affects The ecological environment and the construction of a harmonious society in our city have seriously restricted the transformation of resource cities. To this end, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have been deployed to implement the “declaration of war†on industrial and mining wasteland. Last year, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission approved the approval of the construction of Hubei Huangshi Industrial and Mining Wasteland in the Tieshan District of the city and the Dayeqiao Mining and Mining Wasteland Concentration Area. The experimental area is developed. The initial designated area of ​​the experimental area is 120 square kilometers, of which the starting area is 30 square kilometers. The Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources has applied for a national project for the 18.25-square-kilometer Tieshan-Qingdiqiao mine geological environment treatment demonstration project in the region. Within three years, the state estimates that the budget will invest 1 billion yuan to support the construction of the pilot zone, which means the city in our city. There will be an industrial new city in the west. Combined with the demonstration project of mine-mountain mine geological environment control in Tieshan, the city will use the experimental area as the “West Gate†of Wuhan, which is initially located in the industrial new zone, urban new zone and ecological new zone in the west of Huangshi. Focus on the development of high-tech, low-carbon, environmental protection industries, and build the pilot zone into a “demonstration zone†for the industrial transfer “subsidiary zoneâ€, “two-type†social construction and resource-exhausted urban transformation of Dawu, and Daye strives to create the top 100 national enterprises. The “support zone†of counties and cities, the “pilot zone†where Huangshi plans to coordinate urban and rural development, and the “pioneer zone†that spans development. In many mining mines in China, during the mining process, slope instability, landslides and collapses often occur. As Fuxin Haizhou, Pingzhuang open, Fushun West open-air, Liaoning Dagushan iron ore, Hubei Salt Lake River phosphorus ore, have occurred in the more severe landslides and collapses, ranging from a few hundred cubic meters, as many as hundreds of thousands, Millions of cubic meters, in addition to causing transportation and production interruptions, damage to buildings around, severely affect the lives of the people. In the mine, three large slags and tailings are piled up. In addition to occupying a large amount of land, severely polluting water and soil resources and the atmosphere, landslides, landslides and mudslides often occur, especially in some township collective and individual mining sites, in riverbeds, highways and railways. Side-opening mountain mining, indiscriminate mining, random dumping, often stacking meteorites and even ore in the riverbed, estuary, public (iron) roadside, etc., in case of heavy rain caused by soil erosion, resulting in landslides, mudslides, tailings , meteorites and other rushing into rivers and lakes, causing reservoirs and rivers to block silt, poor flood discharge, and even rushing roads and railways, traffic interruptions, causing severe losses to the national economy. In Shanxi's Yukou iron ore mine, the tailings dam was destroyed by floods, forming a similar disaster to the mudslides, causing the downstream 6,000-acre farmland in the county to be destroyed. Shaanxi Jinxi Yue coal mines due to underground mined, ground deformation, resulting in collapse of the landslide, destroying villages and mining industry initiative measures Square. Tailings and vermiculite piles often produce harmful gases naturally and pollute the atmosphere. At present, China coal mine except for some because of the shallow coal seam spontaneous combustion in the outside, there are 88 sub-mountain burning refuse; waste rock piles Xiangtan manganese ore containing pyrite and due to the occurrence of spontaneous combustion and emit harmful gases. In addition, there are many harmful dry waste residues in the tailings and meteorite piles. In the windy days, the wind blows into the city and residential areas, affecting people's life and health. Gas bulge and explosion are one of the important geological disasters in the production and construction of mines in China. The coal seams and gas swells of coal mines only occur more than 1000 times per year, and the strength of the bulge is more than 1000 tons. The intensity and frequency are both in the world. The first. The malignant disaster caused by the gas bulge is amazing. In the geological disasters that often occur in mines in China, there are also deformations of the tail rock of the deposit and the collapse of the roof. I. Mine wastewater pollution follows the development of the mine. The mine discharges a large amount of wastewater. They are mainly from the mine drainage during mine construction and production. The tailings water formed by adding organic and inorganic chemicals during the washing process, open pit mine, ore discharge The heap, tailings and vermiculite piles are leached by rainwater, infiltrated and leached out of the soluble minerals in the dissolved minerals, other industries in the mining area, medical and wastewater. Most of these polluted wastewaters are untreated and directly or indirectly contaminate surface water, groundwater and nearby farmland and land, and further pollute crops. The harmful elements also volatilize and pollute the air. China's ore dressing wastewater has an annual total discharge of about 3.6 billion tons. These wastewaters rarely reach the "industrial wastewater discharge scale". Many of them contain many harmful metal ions and substances, and the concentration of suspended solids is far exceeding the standard. The coal and iron mines in the karst areas of northern China have to drain 1.2 billion tons of water every year. Most of the departments are polluted to varying degrees, of which about 30% are treated and used, and others are naturally discharged. A polymetallic deposit in Jiangxi Province emits acid mine water, causing river water pollution, fish and shrimp disappeared, water plants are not born, river water of 25 kilometers long river can not be used, and the physical properties of the soil deteriorate, causing farmland pollution and damage to crop growth. Second, the mine draining and draining caused frequent disasters in China There are many mine geological and hydrogeological premise complex, the groundwater must be drained and drained during mining, and even deep drainage, resulting in a series of geological environment The title has brought many disasters to the mine production. The first is that mine water inrush accidents continue to occur. The overlying and underlying strata of many deposits in China are rich in limestone, especially in the Upper Carboniferous Permian coal-bearing strata. Not only the coal-bearing strata have strong water-bearing strata, but also the thick Ordovician limestone underneath. These deposits follow the extension of mining, and the groundwater is deep and strong, resulting in a huge head difference, which causes the coal seam to be threatened by high water pressure (20-60 kg) from the lower limestone groundwater, in some structural fracture zones and water. A water inrush accident occurred in a thin layer of land, which seriously threatened the life safety of mines and employees. According to statistics, in the main coal mining areas of China for more than 30 years, the total mine was sunk 58 times due to water inrush, and the department flooded 64 times, causing economic losses of 2.7 billion yuan. In 1984, the floods in Fangezhuang were opened, and the losses caused by one time were nearly 500 million yuan. In the process of building some new wells, the threat of water has not been put into production for a long time, and the design production capacity cannot be achieved. At present, more than 130 mines in the main mining bureaus in northern China are threatened by water, followed by deep mining, water pressure is increasing, and the threat of water inrush is becoming increasingly severe. Coal deposits in the northern karst area have a reserve of more than 15 billion tons, and iron ore deposits have more than 800 million tons of reserves, which are difficult to mine due to the threat of water. In recent years, clusters of mining and mining have been arbitrarily excavated, causing the accumulation of water from surface water bodies or abandoned mines into large mines, resulting in flooding of state-owned large mines, which have occurred in coal mines such as Huainan, Shuicheng and Hebi. Secondly, because of the drainage and drainage, in many karst water-filled mining areas, the ground collapses, which seriously affects the ground construction, transportation and farmland farming and watering. Guangdong Fankou Mine found more than 1,600 collapses with a range of 5 square kilometers; Hunan's Enkou mine collapsed more than 5,800, covering a range of 20 square kilometers; Anhui Huainan, Shandong Laiwu and the Yangtze River's middle and lower reaches of the non-ferrous metal mines also appeared. The ground collapsed. After the flooding of the Fanzhuang water inrush, there were 11 ground collapse pits around the mining area. Within 10 roads with the water inrush point as the center, the water level dropped by 20--30 meters, making the mine, industry and life. The original system of water supply failed, and the pump was pumped to form a situation in which water supply could not be achieved. Thirdly, in some mining areas in China's coastal areas (such as the Fuzhou Bay clay mine, the Jinzhou Bay asbestos mine, etc.), due to the seawater intrusion caused by the drainage of vegetables and vegetables, the scope of its invasion is still expanding, destroying the local fresh water resources, affecting plant growth. In addition, some mines have drained the surrounding surface water because of drainage. The shallow groundwater has not been added and restored for a long time, which affects the growth of plants. Some mines even form petrochemical and desertification, and the ecological environment is destroyed. The area of ​​water shortage due to mining is also increasing. For example, Shanxi suffers from water shortage due to mining. There are 18 counties and 260,000 people who have draught water problems. More than 300,000 mu of water has become dry land. Among them, 78,000 mu of cultivated land in Jincheng area has deteriorated, and 45,000 mu of water has become dry land. 3. Occupation and destruction of a large number of land mining industries occupying and destroying land, including land occupied by mining flows (such as factory buildings, industrial squares, and mines); transportation services (km, railways, etc.) for mining services, mining production process The land occupied by a large amount of solid waste piled up in the area, as well as ground cracks, deformation and large-scale collapse of the surface due to mining. It is estimated that so far, the land occupied and destroyed by China's mining industry has reached 20 to 30 million mu. About 90% of the key metal mines in China are open-pit mining. Each year, about 2.2 to 260 million tons of rock and soil are exfoliated. Open pits and piles (rock) fields invade large areas of mountain villages (forests) and farmland, according to 28 key points. In the open pit mine survey, only the total area occupied by the dump yard is 67,000 mu, and in the future, it will occupy more than 6,000 mu of land each year. In 1985, the national key coal mines had 671 Shishishan, 780 million tons. By 1988, it had increased to 730 and 900 million tons. In the future, it will discharge 6800 tons each year, inheriting and expanding the occupied land. In the mine underground mining, due to the fall of the rock, a large area of ​​subsidence (subsidence) accumulated water on the ground, resulting in the abandonment of a large number of good fields and the relocation of the village. According to the survey, in the North China and East China Plain areas, every 10,000 tons of coal will be collapsed by 3 mu of land. At present, it is about 100,000 mu of land per year. It is estimated that by the year 2000, it will collapse 180,000 mu every year. The land collapsed by Kailuan Coal Mine has reached 130,000 mu, Xuzhou Coal Mine has reached 80,000 mu, and Huaibei Coal Mine has 57,000 mu. It is expected that Huaibei Coal Mine will collapse to 120,000 mu in the future. Many villages may have all the farmland collapsed and become landless. The situation of arable and nowhere to move to the village. In the 43 pairs of mines in Shanxi Province's Tongzi Coal Mine, 29 mines suffered from ground collapse, cracks and deformation due to coal mining, covering an area of ​​370,000 mu. There are many people in China, and only 1.3 mu of arable land per capita. For the speed of mine destruction, it is necessary to cause a high degree of confrontation and take effective measures to solve it. In addition to minimizing or occupying the land, it is necessary to actively carry out land reclamation, plant crops on reclaimed land, develop forests and build villages, and adapt to the needs of the people to improve their living and ecological environment.
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