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â– Our reporter Wang Kun
The development of the automobile industry has brought convenience to people and challenged energy and the environment. How to achieve energy conservation and protect the sustainable development of the environment is the primary issue facing the automotive industry.
Energy crisis highlighted
Developing a clean car is imperative
According to reports, global car ownership is expected to increase from the current 800 million vehicles to 1.2 billion by 2020, of which car ownership in developing countries will increase by more than 15 times, and traffic oil accounts for more than 62% of global oil consumption. .
Therefore, "the development of the automotive industry must take the road of sustainable development to conserve resources, energy, and protect the environment." Xu Guanhua, Minister of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, pointed out at the 4th Beijing International Clean Vehicle Technology Seminar held recently that China is the most populous country. The developing countries with rapid economic development are facing more severe challenges to the energy environment than other countries. In order to realize the overall goal of establishing a resource-saving society, the Chinese government will implement a sustainable transportation strategy and vigorously promote the development of energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles.
In 2004, China issued a new policy for the development of the automobile industry, explicitly guiding and encouraging the development of electric vehicles, and supporting the research and development of hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. This year, a number of technical standards for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles were promulgated. Recently, the “Suggestions for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan†clearly stated that it is necessary to use energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicles.
The development of clean vehicles will move from fuels, various alternative fuel vehicles, to the industrialization of hybrid vehicles, and eventually to a diversified and clean zero-emission hydrogen fuel vehicle with a diverse source of fuel. Experts expect that through the development of cleaner cars and the transformation of transport energy and power, China will save 15,000 tons of oil by 2020 when China’s vehicle ownership reaches 150 million, and the share of non-oil fuels will reach 20%. about.
At present, China's auto companies have developed more than 100 kinds of gas automobile products, and have carried out the promotion and application of gas vehicles in 19 cities and regions. China's self-developed hybrid vehicles have begun demonstration operations, and it is expected that China's environmental protection vehicles will be industrialized in the next few years.
Serious pollution-friendly cars debut
Since the 1980s, with the significant increase in people's living standards and traffic demand, the growth rate of China's automobile industry has accelerated significantly, and the number of car ownership has grown at an average annual rate of more than 10%. In addition, China's auto emission standards are relatively low, and its year-on-year emissions are several times or even more than ten times that of Europe and the United States.
At the same time, pollutants emitted by automobiles are also increasing dramatically, and motor vehicle emissions have become the main source of urban fine particulates and other pollutants. In addition, some urban transport facilities lag behind the increase in the number of cars, roads are not smooth, vehicles are crowded, pollutant emissions are relatively concentrated, and the concentration of carbon monoxide near the main line of traffic is excessive, and some cities have potential hazards of photochemical smoke pollution. At the same time, heavy metal pollution on both sides of highways caused by highway construction has also become an important environmental issue.
In order to control the increasingly serious problem of automobile pollution, the state has adopted a series of economic policies to support the development of clean vehicles. In 2001, the State Environmental Protection Administration, together with the Ministry of Finance and other departments, reduced 30 low-polluting cars that had reached the national second-phase emission standards in advance. % of the consumption tax. In 2002, the State Council approved Beijing and Shanghai to implement the second phase of national vehicle emission standards in advance. By 2004, China had divided its models and classified them into full implementation of the country's second-phase motor vehicle emission standards.
According to the statistics of the State Environmental Protection Administration, the emissions of all kinds of pollutants from light vehicles have been reduced by more than 90% before the uncontrolled, and various types of pollutants from motor vehicles have also been cut by 30%-50%.
It is understood that the developed countries are currently vigorously promoting the development of environmentally friendly vehicles, considering comprehensive consideration of the entire life cycle of the design, manufacture, use, exhaust gas and recycling of automobiles, in an effort to achieve a significant reduction in the impact of motor vehicles on the environment and The purpose of energy consumption.
"Actively developing environmentally friendly cars is a need for environmental protection," said Wu Xiaoqing, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration. The so-called environment-friendly vehicles mean that in addition to being safe, energy-saving, and occupying a small area, they must have good emission durability, and the production process is in full compliance with the national environmental protection laws and standards; through the establishment of ISO14000 environmental management system and quality management system Suppliers are bound to comply with management requirements; automotive recycling and recycling are considered in terms of design, raw materials, etc., raw materials used by automobiles are in line with international standards, technologies used for recycling are harmless to the environment, and hazards are not used in automobile manufacturing. Human health materials; monitor the whole process of vehicle emissions and exhaust emissions, incorporate environmental protection into the after-sales system, and guide users in the correct use and maintenance of vehicles.
In addition, Wu Xiaoqing also pointed out that the promotion of clean fuel is the basis for promoting the development of clean vehicles. As China's automobile laws and regulations continue to tighten, higher requirements are also placed on the quality of vehicle fuels. In particular, the gradual reduction of sulfur content in gasoline and diesel fuel, improvement of fuel storage, and fuel cleanup have become important indicators for further implementation of automotive emission standards.
Cars need to take a healthy and sustainable development
In 2003, the total consumption of gasoline and diesel in China accounted for 85.8% and 23.4% of the current production of diesel and gasoline in China. If no effective measures are taken, the total vehicle demand in China in 2010 will reach 100 million. About tons.
Chen Bin, deputy director of the Industrial Development Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the shortage of energy, air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions from vehicle fuel consumption are increasingly serious issues that are challenging the sustainable development of China’s auto industry. “We are fully aware that the development of the automotive industry has a leading role in economic development. At the same time, we should also attach great importance to the energy problems brought about by the development of the automobile and actively adopt effective measures to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the automobile.â€
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission listed pure electric vehicles as product announcements, allowing Beijing commercial demonstration operations.
Chen Bin said that at present, the State is formulating the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the Development of Automobile Industryâ€. One of the important guidelines is to use technology as a means of development, to improve vehicle safety as the focus of development, and to develop and use new energy as a mitigation. The important measure of the win-win contradiction of energy is to use recycling as a direction to realize the sustainable development of the automotive industry.