Increase knowledge! "Manganese ore beneficiation" is a detailed introduction.

  v manganese ore beneficiation

The characteristics of manganese ore in China are low grade, fine grain size and high impurity content. To obtain high quality concentrates that meet the requirements of smelting and chemical production, beneficiation must be carried out. Commonly used manganese ore beneficiation methods include washing, sieving, re-election, strong magnetic separation and flotation; sometimes fire enrichment and chemical extraction are also applied.

A washing

Washing is a process for treating mud-rich ore that is cemented with clay. The principle is that under the action of hydraulic force, mechanical force and self-friction, the ore is entrained or adhered to the surface of the ore and the clay is broken and dispersed to achieve separation of ore and mud, thereby improving the ore grade. The factors affecting the washing effect are mainly the physical properties of clay, the type of ore and the strength and time of mechanical force. Manganese ore, iron ore, limestone, especially by weathering, leaching, handling, enriched in Tertiary - Quaternary residual oxidation zone is formed, leaching, accumulation, caps manganese ore bed, washing is indispensable Less homework.

The original manganese oxide ore and manganese carbonate ore have lower mud content, and the mud and ore are less cemented. Generally, they are easy to wash ore. They can be washed by vibrating screen, and the sieved products are de-slurried and classified by spiral classifier. .

Stacked manganese oxide ore and other weathered manganese oxide ore (manganese cap type manganese oxide ore and soft manganese) are moderately washable ores with high ore content (such as the accumulation rate of stacked manganese ore can be as high as 70% ~ 80%) ), sometimes containing a sticky slag, can not completely separate the sand and mud with a simple hydraulic washing method, need to use a mechanical scrubbing cylinder washing machine, self-grinding machine or belt Handled with a spiral tank washer.

The products washed include ore and slime. The ore is called net ore. It is the final product for washing and is used for further processing or directly as concentrate. When the manganese content of the slime is low, it can be discarded as tailings, but when When the manganese-containing grade is still high, manganese minerals need to be further recovered.

B re-election

Re-election is a process for sorting according to the difference in density of minerals, and the process can be carried out in a medium such as water or air. The density of common manganese oxide minerals is between 3,700 and 5,000 kg/m3, the density of manganese carbonate minerals is between 3,300 and 3,800 kg/m3, and the density of gangue minerals is between 2,600 and 2,900 kg/m3. Although the grain size of manganese minerals is generally fine and closely symbiotic with fine gangue minerals, it is difficult to separate single minerals by mechanical beneficiation methods, but manganese minerals are aggregated into aggregates with particle sizes ranging from 0.1 mm to several millimeters due to The density of manganese minerals is quite different from the density of gangue minerals. Therefore, the re-election process is suitable for the selection of manganese ore with simple structure and coarse grain size, especially for manganese oxide ore with higher density. Commonly used re-election methods include heavy medium dressing, jigging and shaker dressing.

(1) Heavy medium dressing. Heavy medium beneficiation is generally pre-selected, suitable for the selection of manganese carbonate ore and manganese oxide ore, especially the selection of manganese carbonate ore, because its density and gangue are small, and other re-election methods are difficult to sort. The advantage of heavy medium dressing is that the ore size range is wide (75 ~ 2mm), and the sorting accuracy is high; the disadvantage is that the heavy medium recovery system is complicated and the operation requirements are strict.

(2) Jigging and dressing. It is mainly used to select manganese oxide ore, and its ore size ranges from 30 to 1 mm. The advantage of jigging is high productivity, low equipment investment and operating costs.

(3) Shaker beneficiation. It is mainly used for the treatment of fine-grained manganese oxide ore below 3mm. The advantage of the shaker is that the sorting efficiency is high and the operation is simple. The disadvantage is that the single-machine processing capacity is low and the floor space is large.

C magnetic separation

Manganese minerals are weak magnetic minerals, which are generally sorted by strong magnetic separation process. The specific susceptibility of common manganese oxide minerals is (3 ~ 15) x10-7m3/kg; manganese carbonate minerals are (13.1 ~16.9) x10-7m3/kg; and gangue minerals ( quartz , calcite, etc.) are (2.5) ~125) x10-9m3/kg. Therefore, the magnetic properties of manganese minerals are about 10 times or more the magnetic properties of gangue minerals, and they are easily separated by strong magnetic separation. Because the magnetic separation is easy to operate, easy to control, and adaptable, it can be used for various types of manganese ore sorting. At present, the strong magnetic separation process has dominated manganese ore dressing. Various types of coarse, medium and fine grain magnetic separation equipment have been successfully developed and applied, which has improved the technical indicators of manganese ore beneficiation.

Select coarse (10 ~ 25nm) manganese ore, generally use 80-1 type and CGD-38 type induction roller type strong magnetic separator; select medium (10 ~ 1mm) and apply CS-1, CS-2, DQC-1, CGDE-210 and other strong magnetic separators; Sepha, SLon, SZC series strong magnetic separators are often used for sorting fine particles (1~0.05mm).

D flotation

FIG俄罗斯恰拉central mining flotation plant and flotation plant Japan Oe and Lawrence of ferroalloys plant Zeng MANGANESE recovered using flotation. The selectivity of flotation is higher than other methods, and it is often used to sort fine-grained and fine-grained manganese minerals and gangue minerals. Among the various manganese minerals, rhodochrosite has the best floatability, followed by pyrolusite and hard manganese ore, and other manganese minerals, especially manganese, have the worst floatability. The flotation of manganese ore can be used as an independent operation to produce concentrates and discard tailings; it can also be used as one of the operations in the beneficiation joint process. The flotation process is divided into positive flotation and reverse flotation. At present, industrial production mostly uses anionic collector positive flotation method, and anionic collector reverse flotation and cationic collector reverse flotation are relatively rare.

Due to its complex composition, manganese minerals are closely related to gangue minerals, and are easy to muddy. The flotation treatment is difficult, the consumption of chemicals is large, and the cost is high. Generally, a magnetic one-floating or a heavy-floating combined process is used, and some of the gangue and slime are discarded by magnetic separation or re-election, and then selected by flotation.

E-burning and fire enrichment

Manganese minerals in nature often coexist with iron minerals. Conventional mineral processing methods are not easy to separate manganese and iron. The roasting process is a more effective method to achieve separation of iron. The purpose of manganese ore roasting is as follows: First, the high-priced manganese oxide is reduced to low-priced manganese oxide, which facilitates the dissolution of manganese into an ionic state during wet leaching; the second is to reduce the weak magnetic iron mineral into a ferromagnetic magnetite or Magnetic hematite (γ-Fe203), thereby achieving manganese and iron separation and increasing the ratio of manganese to iron. Generally, calcination is divided into three types: reduction roasting, neutral calcination and oxidative roasting. The main equipment for roasting manganese ore is reverberatory furnace, shaft furnace, rotary kiln and boiling furnace.

Fire enrichment refers to the process of selective reduction in a blast furnace or an electric furnace. Iron and phosphorus are preferentially reduced, and manganese is enriched in the slag in the form of Mn0 to obtain manganese-rich slag, which is also generally called manganese-rich slag method. . The enrichment of fire method is suitable for the manganese-poor or iron-manganese ore which is difficult to handle by conventional methods and cannot directly smelt iron alloys. The purpose is to remove iron and phosphorus.

F chemical extraction

The chemical extraction of ore is based on the difference in chemical properties between minerals. It uses chemical methods to change the mineral composition, and then uses the corresponding method to enrich the target component. The mineral processing process is to treat and comprehensively utilize some lean, fine and miscellaneous One of the effective methods for selecting difficult mineral raw materials. The chemical extraction method is mostly used for the selection of refractory manganese ore and manganese ore. It is an effective mineral processing method to overcome the shortage of mechanical beneficiation methods. Therefore, it is called chemical treatment more accurately. In fact, it belongs to the category of metallurgy. It can be roughly divided into three categories: chemical leaching of manganese ore, bacterial leaching, and chemical dephosphorization. The chemical leaching method includes a dithionate method, a sulfur dioxide absorption method, a sulphation roasting-water immersion method, a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method, and an iron sulphite leaching method.

Chemical extraction can obtain high-quality manganese concentrate with high grade (more than 50% manganese) and low impurity. At the same time, it can comprehensively recover other valuable components in ore, especially suitable for difficult to select ore and fine mud, but the disadvantage is high production cost. The process is complex.

Development trend of manganese ore beneficiation technology

In the past 30 years, China's manganese ore beneficiation technology has made great progress in scientific research and production. The mineral processing technology has become more and more perfect, the economic and technical indicators have been improved, and the quantity and quality of manganese concentrate products produced have increased year by year, making the development of the national economy. At the same time as important contributions, manganese ore production has accumulated valuable experience. Due to the low taste, high impurity, complex ore structure and fine grain size of the manganese ore in China, it is still a long-term technical policy for the manganese industry in China to achieve “poor and rich” through mineral processing. The development direction of manganese ore dressing in China is mainly in the following aspects:

(1) Research on manganese process mineralogy and beneficiation process. Continue to study the process mineralogy and improve the beneficiation process to solve the problem of rare sorting and upgrading of fine-grained manganese ore.

(2) Research on washing, sieving, re-election process and equipment. Washing, sieving and re-election are the oldest methods of mineral processing. They not only have low investment costs, but also low operating costs. They are also an effective sorting method suitable for the characteristics of China's manganese ore resources. Through process optimization and research on new high-efficiency equipment, the efficiency of sorting is improved. And recovery rates are an important research direction.

(3) Development and application of a new magnetic separator. The strong magnetic separation is used for the pre-selection of manganese-depleted ore. It has shown superiority. The manganese-rich aggregate can be selected to make the “poor and rich” achieve remarkable results, and the production cost is low, and the process and operation are simple. Because magnetic separation technology and equipment are widely used in manganese ore beneficiation, it has promoted the progress of manganese ore dressing technology in China, and will continue to be the key development direction of manganese ore beneficiation, especially the magnetic separation process and equipment of fine particles and fine particles.

(4) Research on flotation process and development of new high-efficiency flotation reagents. In view of the characteristics of manganese ore fine particle inlay, deep research and application of flotation technology, further improve the metal recovery rate and maximize the utilization of resources is also one of the important research directions of manganese ore beneficiation.

(5) Joint process of smelting and smelting. For manganese ore with low iron, high phosphorus and manganese ore, multi-metal symbiosis, etc., it is difficult to achieve satisfactory sorting effect by single ore dressing or metallurgical process. The combined metallurgy process is the most effective and economical method for sorting refractory manganese ore. An important direction of development.

(6) Deep processing of products. Deep processing of mineral processing products into manganese products has maximized economic benefits and has become a trend in the development of mineral processing technology.

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