Current status and utilization prospects of graphite tailings in China

I. Status of graphite tailings discharge

(1) tailings discharge

The annual output of national quality graphite is about 500,000 tons, and the annual discharge of ore dressing tailings is over 6 million tons.

(2) Mineral composition of tailings

Tailings mineral composition generally include: mica, feldspar, quartz, tremolite, diopside, garnet, calcite, rutile, pyrite, graphite, chlorite, epidote, kaolinite, Mongolia Rectorite, titanium iron ore, and sericite.

(3) Tailings particle size composition

The size composition of the tailings is different between the graphite ore, but the general particle size distribution is relatively standardized, the particle size range is 0.4mm, and the coarse particle size is dominant.

(4) Tailings storage

The national crystalline graphite concentrating plant has a tailings dam built in it. The prize tailings are stored in the tailings pond. After the wastewater is treated by precipitation, it is generally 60%~ recycled to the concentrating plant for recycling. Wastewater containing floating agents such as terpene alcohol, lime and particulate suspended matter is treated and discharged to the target.

Second, the prospect of graphite tailings utilization

(1) Changing tailings into "secondary" resources

Implementing the “Circular Economy Promotion Law” to comprehensively utilize tailings to turn waste tailings into “secondary” resources.

(2) Recycling of valuable minerals

Some tailings contain valuable minerals such as rutile, ilmenite, pyrite, muscovite, etc., which can be recovered by the beneficiation process. A graphite mine in Shandong has a precedent for recovering its tailings rutile and pyrite.

(3) Using tailings to make building materials

The use of 6% cement in a tailings mine in Shandong Province was used as a base layer of the expressway, and achieved good results.

The composite international hollow brick is prepared by semi-drying of the whole tailings and sintering at 1040-1060 °C.

A good performance non-burning brick was prepared by adding 8% gelling agent to the whole tailings.

(4) Using tailings to make other mineral materials

The use of graphite tailings, the addition of marble , acidified graphite, powdered graphite, fluorite , solid water glass to produce composite mold flux.

After the graphite tailings were used and ground to -200 mesh, the white carbon black was produced by a precipitation method.

(5) Graphite tailings pond rehabilitation field greening

It has achieved good results from the area of ​​graphite waste tailings inventory complex soil planting and greening.

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