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On October 23, a person from Minmetals Rare Earth (Luzhou) Co., Ltd. told this reporter that after the Ministry of Commerce substantially reduced the rare earth export quota, only enterprises with quotas accounted for only 20% of the rare earth export enterprises, leaving 80% of the remaining Export companies will face transformation.
At the same time, since rare earths are metal materials required for industrial production in computers, mobile phones, semiconductors, home appliances, automobiles, etc., at present, some factories in Hong Kong and Taiwan will shift the production of rare earths to Jiangxi, Shandong, and other places to ease the shortage of raw material supply. situation.
The tightening of quotas The published statistics show that at the end of 2009, China's domestic rare earth reserves fell to 27 million tons, accounting for 30% of the world's proven rare earth resources. In 1996, China's rare earth reserves accounted for 43% of the world's total.
In spite of this, in recent years, China’s rare earths accounted for about 97% of the global supply market. According to officials from the Ministry of Commerce, according to the current situation, China's rare earths will be depleted in the next 15 to 20 years.
Because of this, China has gradually tightened the development and utilization of rare earth resources in recent years. The rare earth quotas have also begun to adjust accordingly.
According to the latest document released by the Ministry of Commerce, the total number of rare earth export quotas for the whole year was 30,258 tons, which was nearly 40% less than the 50,145 tons in 2009. There are only 23 companies that have rare earth export quotas, which is 18 less than in 2008.
A staff member from Jiangxi Luzhou Deli Rare Earth Co., Ltd told this reporter that because there was no export quota, the company began to open up the domestic market.
It was learned from the Ganzhou City Rare Earth Industry Association that in 2010, the rare earth export quota for Jiangxi, a rare earth city in the south, was 3188 tons, 44% lower than the 5707 tons in 2009.
A person in charge of Jiangxi Yinxian Golden Eagle Rare Earth Industry Co., Ltd. stated that in the past few years, some exporters supported their export business through high-priced purchase quotas, but the possibility of continuing this year has been very small, and many small export companies have suspended their businesses. . "Originally thousands of units could get a one-ton quota. Now the market price is 200,000 tons. It is still very difficult to get it. Companies with quotas are not enough for themselves."
A worker who is responsible for customs declaration at a rare earth export company in Guangdong said that the company spent half a year applying for quotas. “It is just too busy and the policy is tight.â€
"Actually, rare earth exports this year should be better than last year because the rare earth downstream industry has already recovered. But our quota has not only not increased, but has decreased, which means that exports are very limited." A vice president of Minmetals Our reporter said.
However, the reduction in export quotas for rare earths has led to a reduction in the cheap export of rare earths on the one hand, and stimulated rare earth smuggling on the other.
The above-mentioned person of Qixian Golden Eagle Rare Earth Industrial Co., Ltd. stated that the direct reason for China's rare earth smuggling was to limit export quotas. "As far as I know, rare earth smuggling is still very serious. If the country does not work on customs inspections, limiting rare earth quotas will only lead to more black market transactions."
In addition, although many traders have turned to the domestic market, one problem they face is that the reduction rate of domestic rare earth production cannot keep up with the speed of cuts in export quotas, and the production cost of rare earths has not fallen, which will lead to excess production of rare earths in the country and thus lower domestic rare earth prices. .
China’s largest rare earth producer, Baotou Steel’s rare earths, is facing these problems. Baotou’s sales of rare earth rare earths account for about half of the world’s total demand. However, in 2009 Baosteel’s rare earth export sales accounted for only 16.7% of total sales. With the significant reduction in export quotas by 40% this year, the export share of Baotou Rare Earth will further decrease.
Baotou Steel Rare Earth also admits to this newspaper that export sales is an important sales channel for the company, and the annual reduction of export quotas will have a certain impact on the company’s sales.
Some industries or shifting countries have severely supervised rare earths and are changing the ecology of rare earth downstream industries.
Rare earth is an indispensable raw material for the manufacture of high-tech products such as LED, LCD panels, touch panels, hybrid motors, and DVDs. However, the mineral resources that used to be sold like cabbage are now worth an average increase of 40%.
The price of rare earths has soared, and the cost of downstream rare earth industries will also rise.
It is understood that at present, some rare earth processing plants in Shandong, Jiangxi, and Baotou have already been in semi-discontinued state.
"The reason for shutting down is that the country is rectifying, and the other is that the price of rare earths has soared. It has not yet been fully conducted to the downstream. We will continue processing and will only lose money." The technical staff of a rare earth processing plant in Baotou told reporters.
In addition to the rare earth raw materials processing industry affected by the rising prices of rare earth, the industries that require rare earths as raw materials, such as automobiles, home appliances, computers, and new energy sources, also face a cost crisis.
Zhang Guocheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, stated that more than 90% of the world's color television sets use red phosphors from Jiangxi and Baotou, and there is no supply of cerium oxide (note: a rare earth element) as large as China. Color TV looks bad in color.
Japan’s recent policy on China’s rare earths has been criticized because Japan’s high-tech industries rely heavily on rare earth imports. China’s reduction of rare earth exports will have a direct impact on Japan’s computers, mobile phones, semiconductors, home appliances, and automobiles.
On October 25th, Toshiba President Sasaki Sadamu accepted the foreign media interview time and acknowledged that the rare earth brought cost pressures to the downstream industries. “At present, the cost of rare earth metal production is concentrated in China, but this does not mean that the rare earth ore is basically China."
However, a number of industry insiders told reporters that it is unlikely that Japan will fill the gap in China’s demand for rare earths within two to three years.
A person from the China Institute of Rare Earths said that taking the United States as an example, even if the government decided to reopen the 10-year-old Perth Mountain rare earth mine, it was the first time in 2012.
In addition, Australia’s rare earth developer Lynas said on October 25 that due to the wider use of rare earths in magnets and batteries, its global demand will grow at an annual rate of 9% over the next four years. As the demand for rare earths increases, the supply contraction will likely lead to The price of rare earths rose further.
The above-mentioned rare earth society also told reporters that with the development of new energy industries in various countries, the demand for rare earth is still very large, and the price increase has become a trend.
For example, the rare earth composite silicon carbide material is the material required for solar silicon wafer slicing. At present, some solar energy production companies in Taiwan have transferred the slicing production line to Jiangxi, Shandong, and other places in order to reduce costs.
However, the above-mentioned experts of the Chinese Society of Rare Earth believe that because the rare earth is "industrial monosodium glutamate", the proportion of the consumption in the total cost is relatively low, so it will not lead to large-scale industrial transfer.
In addition, this person believes that there will be more and more rare earth companies such as Japan and the United States to build rare earth processing plants in areas around China such as India, Southeast Asia, and Mongolia.
Bacheng rare earth exporter faces transformation due to quota tightening
If the integration of rare earth mining and production is a competition centered on mining rights, the export control of rare earth resources will cause a large number of domestic enterprises that rely on export quotas to face a vital transition.