The main equipment of the ship

An operating vessel must have a variety of equipment installed. Through the application of these equipments to complete the ship's navigation, relying on berthing, loading and unloading of goods and other production operations, and to ensure the safety of ships and personnel. The main equipments for ships include power equipment, control equipment, handling equipment and safety equipment. Ship power equipment ships must be equipped with a set of power devices and auxiliary equipment that meet the requirements of the specification before they can sail on water. These power plants include main ship power units, auxiliary power units, steam boilers, refrigeration and air-conditioning units, compressed air units, marine pumps and piping systems, water generators and automation systems. This electromechanical power equipment is mainly concentrated in the engine room, and the technical department specialized in managing these equipment is the engine department.

1. Main power unit The ship's main power unit is also called the "host". It is the heart of the ship and is the most important part of the ship's power equipment. It mainly includes:

(1) A common name for the engine that the ship's main engine can generate propulsion power for the ship, including various pumps and heat exchangers, piping systems, etc. that serve the host. At present, the main ship of the merchant ship is the marine diesel engine, followed by the steam turbine.
(2) The transmission device transmits the power of the main engine to the propeller equipment. Besides transmission of power, it can also play the role of deceleration and shock absorption. The boat can also use transmission equipment to change the direction of rotation of the propeller. The transmission equipment is slightly different due to the different types of main engines. In general, it is composed of speed reducers, clutches, couplings, couplings, thrust bearings, and marine shafts.
(3) Shafting and Propeller Ship propellers are most widely used in propellers, and they are mostly propellers with fixed or adjustable pitches. The ship's shaft system is the device that transmits the power from the host to the propeller. The main engine of the ship drives the propeller through the transmission and the shaft to generate thrust to overcome the hull resistance and make the ship go forward or backward.

2. Auxiliary power equipment The auxiliary power equipment for ships, also known as "auxiliary machinery," refers to the generator on board, which provides power for ships in normal conditions and emergency situations. The ship's power station is made up of electromechanical equipment such as engine blocks and switchboards.

(1) The original power of the generator set is mainly provided by the diesel engine. Considering the safety and reliability of the ship and the ease of maintenance and management, a large ship is equipped with not less than two diesel generators of the same model, and multiple power generation can be performed at the same time as required.
In order to save energy, during the voyage, some ships may use the drive shaft of the main engine to drive the generator to generate electricity (shaft generators) or use the waste heat of the main exhaust gas to generate low-pressure steam to promote the turbine generator set to generate electricity.

(2) Power Distribution Board It distributes, controls, transmits, transforms, and converts electricity to ensure the needs of various power-dragging equipment and the entire ship's life, lighting, signals, and communications.

3, steam boilers on the main engine of the ship, all need to have a steam boiler, which consists of auxiliary fuel oil furnace and exhaust gas boilers and their supporting services of the pipeline, equipment. Auxiliary oil-fired boilers are used to supply some auxiliary steam on ships, such as heating fuel oil and lubricating oil, heating, domestic water, kitchens, and boiling water, and to meet the needs of some auxiliary machine steam. To save energy, exhaust gas boilers during navigation use the waste heat from diesel engine exhaust to generate steam, and only use auxiliary fuel boilers when parking.

4. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Devices Ships equipped with refrigeration equipment are refrigerated goods, refrigerated foods, and life and working conditions for the crew and passengers. The task of the air-conditioning device is to maintain the climatic conditions in the cabin suitable for people to work and live. It includes summer cooling, dehumidification, winter heating, humidification, and ventilation throughout the year. Its main equipments include refrigeration compressors, evaporators, condensers, air conditioners and its automation control components.

5. Compressed air devices are generally equipped with multiple air compressors and multiple compressed air cylinders on board to supply the compressed air required by the entire ship, such as the use of compressed air to start the main and auxiliary diesel engines; the main engine is reversing; the air whistle, Deck pneumatic machinery and other equipment provide air supply. Its main equipment includes air compressors, gas cylinders, piping systems, safety and control components.

6. Marine Pumps and Piping Systems To pump liquids such as sea water, fresh water, fuel oil, and lubricating oil, a certain number and different types of pumps are required on board. In general, in the engine room, it is necessary to install main oil pumps and water pumps such as bilge pumps, fuel and lubricating oil transfer pumps, boiler feed pumps, cooling water pumps, ballast pumps, and sanitary water pumps. Connected to the pump, a variety of pipelines are installed on the vessel and can be divided into:

(1) The management system of the main power system and the continuous operation of the auxiliary engine. There are fuel, oil, seawater, steam, compressed air and other piping.
(2) The management of the ship system for ship navigation, ship safety and personnel life. Such as ballast, bilge water, fire protection, sanitation, ventilation (Air Conditioning) and domestic water systems.

7. Make-up device A make-up device, also called a make-machine, is a device that heats seawater under vacuum to generate steam and then condenses steam into fresh water.

8. Automation system With the advancement of science and technology and the extensive application on board, the cabin control system is more and more advanced, and the long-distance operation and centralized control of the ship power plant has greatly improved the working conditions of the crew and improved the work efficiency. Reduced maintenance and repair work. The automatic system consisting of remote control, automatic adjustment, monitoring, and alarm for the main and auxiliary engines of the engine room and other mechanical equipment is an indispensable part of modern ships.

Ship Manoeuvring Equipment Ship manoeuvring equipment, including anchoring equipment, rudder equipment and mooring equipment, must play an important role in voyages, manoeuvring or mooring in ports, and is an integral part of guaranteeing a ship.

1. The anchoring equipment The ship must be anchored in a certain water area and must be anchored to use the anchor to grasp the strength of the sediment under the water, and the weight of the anchor and the chain to overcome the forces such as wind and water flow that make the ship drift; the anchor equipment can also assist the ship Such operations as assisting operations such as turning around in a narrow waterway, berthing from the dock, and detaching from a pontoon; after a vessel stranding accident, the anchor can be used to stabilize the ship's position, or the anchor can be used to pull the ship out of the shallows.

The anchor equipment mainly consists of anchors, anchor chains, anchor chain cylinders, chain devices, anchor windlasses, anchor chain pipes, anchor chain capsules, and abandonment chain feeders.