According to the relevant personnel of Henan Duma New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., although new energy and electric vehicles have received wide optimism from all walks of life, the business prospects are still vague. At present, all major enterprises are out of the state of exploration. He is a rookie with a world-class level in power battery, motor and vehicle technology. He is also actively involved in the development of new energy and is expected to be a leader in the new energy vehicle industry. Electric vehicles are the development direction of the automobile industry. This point has not been suspected by academics, operators and governments at home and abroad. However, until a year ago, no authoritative organization was able to accurately state which type of electric vehicle was fully commercialized. Which technical route was adopted? Obviously, the major countries and affiliated companies that are committed to the commercial operation of electric vehicles are moving forward according to their own designed routes. After the plug-in electric vehicle was recognized by the international community, it was quickly discovered that there are still many problems that have not been solved. There are still different development directions and routes. The panoramic view of electric vehicles is not clear. Under this circumstance, Japan is mainly researching on high-efficiency hybrid vehicles and plug-in pure electric vehicles . The representative models are the leaves of Toyota's Prius, Lexus and Nissan. The United States is the main direction of the extended-range electric vehicle, and the representative model is Volt of General Motors. China is fully flowering, with BYD's dual-mode hybrids, plug-in pure electric vehicles that many companies are developing, and Geely's supercapacitor cars. Which model and which technical route can lead to full commercialization? The latest research shows that all the above-mentioned models and technical routes are impossible to achieve full commercialization, no matter how much the technical level is raised, It must also rely on government subsidies to survive, because all of the above technical routes can not solve the problem of low cycle life of the battery pack in the case of blind charging, so that the depreciation cost of the battery is high, and it is impossible to produce the cost of gasoline fuel. Competitive advantage. Therefore, it can be concluded that the “real God†of fully commercialized electric vehicles has not yet appeared! All the models so far can only be targeted at earning government subsidies. I. The electric car "true god" dew! So, what exactly should the “real God†of electric vehicles look like? In fact, companies in Europe and Japan were portrayed five years ago, that is, electric vehicles that can quickly replace batteries. The European and Japanese companies that first proposed this idea originally intended to quickly replenish energy by quickly replacing the battery, but since the battery must be placed in the body to meet the reasonable requirements of the counterweight, it cannot be placed at the front and rear ends, but in the body. In the middle, it can only be placed under the seat and under the floor. In this position, it is difficult to quickly replace the battery module unless the body structure is redesigned. In this way, it is necessary to update the complete mold and rebuild the production line. Yuan’s investment and three-year cycle are not able to produce a prototype. Even if you have a sample car, you must have a fully-charged charging battery that matches the battery quality and is responsible for the battery quality. Therefore, in order to quickly replace the battery in a small electric vehicle, it is necessary to carry out the technology including the charging station. System design, including conditions and operating methods, which is not what automakers can do. More importantly, in this way, automakers only offer bare cars without batteries, and it becomes electric. It is difficult to get government subsidies for the supporting role of the car. This result is what the auto giants don't want to see. Therefore, foreign companies did not go down after proposing the idea of ​​replacing batteries. The plan to replace batteries in small cars has been stranded. The big companies in various countries have returned to the old roads, and they are trying to change their business. Under the premise of the model, an electric vehicle that can directly replace the fuel car is produced. But it can be said with certainty that the current technical route that the auto giants insist on is a game intended to capture government subsidies! The technical route of not replacing the battery is destined to be a dead end! The basis for drawing this conclusion is: 1. Charging is always a problem without replacing the battery. There are three charging methods for non-replacement battery models, one is charging station, the other is a swipe-type charging pile that can be generally set up in urban communities and parking spaces, and the third is any civilian electric socket. The civil power socket not only involves the charging of electricity charges, but also has a long charging time and cannot be the mainstream charging method. In the parking space, a flash-type charging pile is set up. Almost all vehicles are charged at the same time after work. Once the electric vehicle has reached a certain scale, harmonics will be generated, which will have a destructive impact on the urban power grid. The power grid will be unbearable. This is negative. The charging station's service to the vehicle must be completed in a short period of time. Although countries are studying the method of fast charging and successfully testing the fast charging, the damage of the battery can not be eliminated. Sacrificing battery life at the expense of fast charging is not cost effective! 2. Without the power-changing mode, the battery life will be greatly reduced! The data provided by the manufacturer of lithium-ion batteries shows that the cycle life of the single-cell lithium iron phosphate battery can reach more than 5,000 times, and the factory standard can be set according to 2000 times. Realized. The battery module with more than 100 monomers in group can only reach 1500 times in the case of manual maintenance. If the battery can travel for 200 kilometers per charge, the mileage of the battery can reach 300,000 kilometers. This is completely acceptable to users of electric vehicles. However, if there is no manual maintenance and the blind charging method is used to replenish the electric energy, the cycle life of the battery pack will drop sharply to about 200 times, and even the case of dozens of charging will be damaged. This is a terrible thing for electric cars. Therefore, domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers are trying to solve the problem of battery life by starting with battery quality and battery management. However, improving the quality and consistency of the battery does not fundamentally extend the battery life, because regardless of the quality and consistency of the battery, there will be random individual differences in the use and charging process, which will eventually lead to damage to the battery pack. . If the battery management system is refined to monitor and control each single cell, its cost will be comparable to that of the battery, which means that the already expensive battery has doubled the cost and high performance. The battery management system itself consumes 15-20% of the energy, which means that the battery mileage has lost only 20%. This is not the case, it is installed with a high-performance battery management system, and it is impossible to battery life. Raising the ideal to more than a thousand times, the Toyota Prius's battery life of no more than three years and 100,000 kilometers is the best example. Therefore, it can be said that although the battery life can be limitedly improved by improving battery quality and optimizing battery management, it is impossible to make the electric vehicle have a competitive advantage over fuel vehicles in terms of overall cost. The route will always depend on government subsidies. 3. Due to the non-replacement mode, the battery life can not achieve the desired index. The foreign auto giants put the main direction on the battery-assisted hybrid and extended-range electric vehicles, and use small batteries to take auxiliary functions and weaken the The role of the battery. However, due to the complex structure of the binary switching of hybrid vehicles, the cost will never be reduced to the extent comparable to that of fuel vehicles, and its fuel economy is very limited, it is absolutely impossible to become the mainstream mode of commercialization of electric vehicles. The Volt, an extended-range electric vehicle launched by General Motors, is one step ahead of hybrid vehicles. Because of its simple structure, the manufacturing cost is significantly lower than that of hybrid vehicles, and the fuel-saving effect is better. Its market prospect is better than that of hybrid vehicles. More bright. However, batteries that are not maintained are still fatal, and it is only possible to commercialize the battery with regular inspection, maintenance, maintenance and battery life quality insurance. All of this still needs to solve the problem of rapid loading and unloading of the battery pack in the vehicle structure, and the rental operation mode that still needs to ensure the battery life. 4. The rapid replacement of batteries has far more significance for the commercialization of electric vehicles than the original assumptions of foreign automakers. According to the idea of ​​European and Japanese multinationals, the rapid replacement of batteries is only to achieve rapid replenishment of energy, they did not expect this way. It is the best way to improve battery life. In addition, there is another role that the blind charging mode cannot compete with: that is, since the battery works electrochemically, the impact on the battery is more discrete than the mechanical wear, and the mechanical wear is very small among different individuals. The engine, which is the core component of the car, can easily achieve the service life of most individuals over 300,000 kilometers, while the power battery is not. Even with an average service life of 300,000 kilometers, commercial operations are still not possible. Because more than 300,000 kilometers and less than 200,000 kilometers of individuals are likely to reach 30%, a large number of vehicles that do not meet the standard battery life, will make the car companies unable to cope, the price of the battery is more expensive than the body structure can not afford to pay, Without compensation, the reputation will be swept away, and only a bleak delisting will be tantamount to suicide. This is the prototype of many auto companies has long been off the assembly line, sipping the root cause of not selling to private users for many years. In contrast, the battery of the charging operator's own battery, rather than the owner's battery, is recycled at the charging station to provide services for the owner. In addition to quick replenishment and improved battery life, the third function is invisibly: As long as the average life of the battery reaches the standard, it can be commercialized. It is necessary to achieve more than 95% of the battery life standard than the model that cannot be replaced, so that it can be commercialized and easily 100 times! The conclusion is self-evident: in the 20 to 30 years, before the advent of the fuel cell electric vehicle era, pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles and battery rental, battery maintenance and charging services that can quickly replace batteries The mode of operation is the best way to fully commercialize electric vehicles – this is the “real God†that electric vehicles are clearly visible! Second, the technical and commercial problems that must be solved for the electric vehicle The regenerative electric vehicles rely on mature technologies, and there are no technical bottlenecks that are difficult to break through. However, in order to commercialize this technical route, there are still some conventional technical problems and operational model problems that need to be solved. 1. Pure electric vehicles usually use lithium iron phosphate batteries with high energy density and good safety. Under the current technical conditions, there is no battery material with superior performance and price to replace lithium iron phosphate, and it is expected to invent new ones. The battery material further increases the energy density without significantly increasing the cost, and there is no hope in the short term. Under this premise, the pure electric car that can continue driving for more than 150 kilometers will have a battery box weight of more than 200 kg. In order to properly breed, the battery box cannot be installed at the front and rear ends of the vehicle, and can only be installed under the passenger seat in the middle of the vehicle, which is a problem for quick battery replacement. There are three options: 1 If you load the battery from top to bottom, it is very inconvenient for the occupant to leave the seat and open the seat. 2 If the battery box is loaded from the bottom to the top, a very firm fixing system must be designed to prevent the battery box from loosening during high-speed driving and violent bumps. In general, the battery box is securely installed and quickly replaced. Conflict, the two can only take one, it is difficult to find a two-factor solution. 3 Inserting the battery box from the side, although it can achieve the firmness and quick loading and unloading at the same time, it is necessary to update the molds of the body cover and the frame, and even the production line needs to be adjusted greatly, not hundreds of millions of yuan. The investment is not out of the prototype, and the prototype is not necessarily stereotyped. Whether it is chicken or egg, there are dystocia problems. Therefore, although the quick loading and unloading of the battery is only a routine technical problem, it is quite difficult to solve. This is why there is no single electric vehicle in the world that can quickly replace batteries. 2. The design and modification of the fuel vehicle can be completely completed by the automobile manufacturing enterprise. However, if the electric vehicle wants to quickly replace the battery, it must be discussed, run, and negotiated with the battery manufacturer and the charging operator. Otherwise, Matching with the battery and matching with the technical means of the charging station will lead to fatal misalignment. Therefore, it can be considered that the quick replacement of the battery is not a trivial matter, but rather a rather complicated system engineering. The development of fuel vehicles requires only the interaction of manufacturers and users to obtain sufficient information and resources. The commercialization of electric vehicles requires interaction among automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, charging operators and users. In order to find the direction and technical solutions for development, the complexity of its diverse ecosystem is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of fuel vehicles. 3. For the electric vehicle with replaceable battery, the main function of the charging station is not only to supplement the energy of the vehicle, but also to maintain the battery. This is a problem that the proponent of the foreign car electric separation scheme has not considered at all. With the addition of this feature, the commercial nature of the charging station has undergone a revolutionary change. The services it can provide include the life guarantee of the battery. The question is who has this diamond drill? Who can provide the battery life for users more than a thousand times? Quality Assurance? This is a big issue related to the success or failure of this business model. Therefore, battery maintenance technology has become the most critical core technology for electric vehicle separation technology. 4. There is another unavoidable technology-related issue, which is the cost of charging. Assuming that the battery maintenance technology is mature, it can guarantee the cycle life of the battery more than 1000 times. Among the total cost including battery depreciation, the maximum part of the battery depreciation cost can be reduced to a reasonable level, which is about 20 yuan per 100 kilometers. The electricity bill consumed during charging is basically a constant. For a five-seater electric car, the electricity cost per driving 100 kilometers is 7-10 yuan, which is a very low number. The rest is charging station engineering and equipment depreciation as well as management costs and financial expenses. According to the foreign design and the charging station built during the Olympic Games in China, the investment of each charging station is as high as 100 million yuan, so that the depreciation charge per charge is high to the extent of no commercial competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to design a cheap charging station with less money and high efficiency. Only in this way can the total cost of charging be significantly lower than the fuel cost, so that the electric vehicle has a competitive advantage for the fuel vehicle, and the commercialization of the electric vehicle can be realized. 5. In the business model of quick battery replacement, the owner buys a bare car without a battery. The charging station provides battery rental service for the owner. Under normal circumstances, it is required to provide services for 100 vehicles. For turnover, the charging operator as the battery leasing party itself will have ownership of all the batteries, which is the charging operator has three burdens: battery rental, charging service, battery maintenance. Who can assume this role? It is impossible for automakers to take responsibility for the battery. Although battery manufacturers can assume this role, in commercial operation, only the charging operators can operate independently and independently to cultivate high Efficient teams and commercial brands, charging operators are inevitable. At present, the State Grid Corporation has announced a high-profile announcement that it will aggressively enter the electric vehicle charging station and plan to establish a network of electric vehicle charging stations in large and medium-sized cities across the country. However, this charging station is not the charging station. The charging station of the State Grid does not consider the rapid replacement of the battery, and does not consider the battery maintenance. Instead, it uses a large number of charging stations in a large charging station to allow the vehicle to be self-service. Horizontal charge. This method must be based on the premise that the battery is blindly charged 1000 times without damage, and such a battery does not exist at all. Therefore, it is certain that such a charging station will be useless except as an image project. If the national grid does not change its design, it will not be a winner in the electric vehicle field. But the problem is coming again. If there is no vehicle with replaceable battery, how can there be a charging operator? Without the participation of the charging operator who dares to make a battery that can replace the battery? The problem of chicken or egg is extended to the commercial field. . Introduction New energy vehicles refer to the use of unconventional vehicle fuels as a source of power (or the use of conventional vehicle fuels, but the use of new vehicle power units), integrated vehicle power control and drive advanced technology, the formation of advanced technology, A car with new technology and new structure. New energy vehicles include: hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV), fuel cell vehicles (FCEV), hydrogen engine vehicles, and gas vehicles, alcohol ether vehicles, etc. hybrid car Hybrids are those that use conventional fuels with electric motors/engines to improve low-speed power output and fuel consumption. Depending on the type of fuel, it can be divided into two types: gasoline hybrid and diesel hybrid. At present, the mainstream of hybrid vehicles in the domestic market is gasoline hybrid, and the development of diesel hybrid vehicles in the international market is also very fast. The advantages of the hybrid vehicle are as follows: 1. After the hybrid power is used, the maximum power of the internal combustion engine can be determined according to the average power required, and the utility model is operated under the optimal working conditions of low fuel consumption and low pollution. When the power of the high-powered internal combustion engine is insufficient, it is supplemented by the battery; when the load is low, the surplus power can generate electricity to charge the battery. Since the internal combustion engine can work continuously, the battery can be continuously charged, so the stroke is the same as that of the ordinary automobile. 2. Because of the battery, it is very convenient to recover the energy during braking, downhill, and idling. 3. In the prosperous urban area, the internal combustion engine can be shut down and driven by the battery to achieve “zero†emissions. 4. With the internal combustion engine, it is very convenient to solve the problems encountered by pure electric vehicles such as air conditioners, heating and defrosting. 5, you can use the existing gas station to refuel, no need to invest. 6, can keep the battery in a good working condition, no overcharge, over discharge, extend its service life and reduce costs. Disadvantages: Long-distance high-speed driving is basically not fuel-efficient. Pure electric car Electric vehicles, as the name suggests, are mainly electric-powered vehicles. Most of the vehicles are driven by electric motors. Some vehicles have electric motors in the engine compartment. Some of them directly use the wheels as the rotors of four electric motors. The difficulty lies in power storage technology. It does not emit harmful gases that pollute the atmosphere. Even if it is converted into power plant emissions according to the electricity consumption, other pollutants are also significantly reduced except for sulfur and particulates. Because most of the power plants are built away from densely populated cities, human damage is more serious. Less, and the power plant is stationary, centralized discharge, easy to remove all kinds of harmful emissions, and related technologies. Since electricity can be obtained from a variety of primary energy sources, such as coal, nuclear power, hydropower, wind power, light, heat, etc., people are worried about the depletion of oil resources. Electric vehicles can also make full use of the surplus power charging in the evening power grid, so that power generation equipment can be fully utilized day and night, greatly improving its economic benefits. Relevant research shows that the same crude oil is crude and sent to the power plant for power generation. After being charged into the battery and then driven by the battery, the energy utilization efficiency is higher than that after being refined into gasoline and then driven by the gasoline engine, thus saving energy. And to reduce the displacement of carbon dioxide, it is these advantages that make the research and application of electric vehicles a "hot spot" in the automotive industry. Some experts believe that the biggest obstacle for electric vehicles is that infrastructure construction and price have affected the process of industrialization. Compared with hybrid power, electric vehicles need infrastructure support, which is not a solution that a company can solve. It is necessary for all enterprises to join hands with local government departments to build, and there will be opportunities for large-scale promotion. Advantages: The technology is relatively simple and mature, and can be charged as long as there is power supply. Disadvantages: At present, the energy stored in the unit weight of the battery is too small. Because the battery of the electric vehicle is expensive and does not form an economic scale, the purchase price is relatively expensive. As for the use cost, some trial results are more expensive than the automobile, and some results are only for the automobile. 1/3, which depends mainly on the battery life and local oil and electricity prices. Fuel cell vehicle A fuel cell vehicle is a car that uses a hydrogen, methanol, or the like as a fuel to generate electric current by a chemical reaction and is driven by a motor. The energy of the battery is chemically converted by hydrogen and oxygen, rather than being burned and directly converted into electrical energy. The chemical reaction process of the fuel cell does not produce harmful products. Therefore, the fuel cell vehicle is a pollution-free automobile. The energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2 to 3 times higher than that of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, in terms of energy utilization and environmental protection, the fuel cell vehicle is An ideal vehicle. A single fuel cell must be combined into a fuel cell stack to obtain the necessary power to meet the requirements of the vehicle. In recent years, fuel cell technology has made significant progress. World-renowned automakers such as DaimlerChrysler, Ford, Toyota and General Motors have announced plans to bring fuel cell vehicles to market by 2004. At present, prototypes of fuel cell cars are being tested, and fuel cell-powered transportation buses are undergoing demonstration projects in several cities in North America. There are still technical challenges in the development of fuel cell vehicles, such as the integration of fuel cell stacks, the improvement of commercial electric vehicle fuel processors and auxiliary automobile manufacturers are working towards integrating components and reducing component costs. Significant progress has been made. Compared with traditional cars, fuel cell vehicles have the following advantages: 1. Zero or near zero emissions. 2. Reduce water pollution caused by oil leakage. 3. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 4. Improve fuel economy. 5. Improve engine combustion efficiency. 6, stable operation, no noise. Hydrogen powered car Hydrogen-powered vehicles are a truly zero-emission vehicle that emits pure water. It has the advantages of no pollution, zero emissions, and abundant reserves. Therefore, hydrogen-powered vehicles are the ideal alternative to traditional vehicles. Hydrogen-powered vehicles cost at least 20% more than conventional power vehicles. China Changan Automobile completed the first high-efficiency zero-emission hydrogen engine ignition in China in 2007, and exhibited the first hydrogen-powered concept sports car “hydrogen process†in China at the 2008 Beijing Auto Show. With the gradual formation of the "automobile society", car ownership is constantly on the rise, while resources such as oil are stretched. On the other hand, vehicles that consume large amounts of gasoline continue to emit harmful gases and pollutants. The ultimate solution is of course not to limit the development of the automotive industry, but to open up new energy sources to replace oil. The four rounds of fuel cell vehicles roll quickly and quietly across the road, printing the name of new energy, hydrogen. Almost all the world's auto giants are developing new energy vehicles. Electricity was once thought to be the future power of the car, but the long charging time and weight of the battery made people gradually interested in it. At present, the hybrid vehicle that combines electricity and gasoline can only temporarily alleviate the energy crisis, but can only reduce but cannot get rid of dependence on oil. At this time, the emergence of hydrogen-powered fuel cells is like rebuilding a Noah's Ark, allowing people to see unlimited hope from the crisis. The idea of ​​using hydrogen as a fuel for automobiles has been scary when it comes out, but it is actually based. Hydrogen has a high energy density, and the energy released is enough to make the car engine run, and hydrogen and oxygen react chemically in the fuel cell to generate water without pollution. Therefore, many scientists predict that hydrogen-based fuel cells are the core technology of 21st century cars, and its revolutionary significance to the automotive industry is equivalent to microprocessors as important to the computer industry. Advantages: Emissions are pure water and do not produce any contaminants when driving. Disadvantages: The cost of hydrogen fuel cells is too high, and the storage and transportation of hydrogen fuels is very difficult according to the current technical conditions, because the hydrogen molecules are very small and easily escape through the outer casing of the storage device. In addition, the most deadly problem is that hydrogen extraction requires electrolysis of water or the use of natural gas. As a result, it also consumes a lot of energy. Unless it is extracted by nuclear power, it cannot fundamentally reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Gas car Gas vehicles refer to vehicles that use compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel. In recent years, governments around the world have actively sought to solve this problem and began to adjust the fuel structure of automobiles. Gas vehicles are recognized as the most ideal alternative fuel vehicles in the world because of their good emission performance, adjustable fuel structure, low operating cost, mature technology, safety and reliability. At present, gas is still the mainstream of the world's automobile alternative fuels, accounting for about 90% of China's alternative fuel vehicles. The goal of the United States is that by 2010, 7% of the buses will use natural gas, 50% of taxis and buses will be converted to dedicated natural gas vehicles; by 2010, the number of German natural gas vehicles will reach 100,000 to 400,000. The filling station will be increased from the current 180 to at least 300. Industry experts point out that the role of alternative fuels is to mitigate and ultimately eliminate the various pressures caused by tight oil supplies and the negative impact on economic development. Recently, China will still mainly use compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol gasoline as alternative fuels for automobiles. Whether the alternative fuel for automobiles can be expanded depends on the resources, distribution, availability of alternative fuels in China, the maturity of alternative fuel production and application technologies, and the reduction of environmental pollution; the scale of production, investment, production costs and prices of alternative fuels. It determines its competitiveness with petroleum fuels; automotive production structure and design improvements must be compatible with fuels. Replacing fuel with gas will be an inevitable trend in the development of automobiles in China and the world. China should organize its forces as soon as possible to formulate a national gas vehicle policy. Considering that China's energy security is mainly the status of oil, it is imperative to develop various alternative fuel vehicles, including gas vehicles. According to national conditions, we should: First, we must limit the price of gas, so as to maintain a reasonable price difference between oil and gas prices. For example, the oil and gas price difference between Sichuan Province and Chongqing City can ensure the moderate development of gas vehicles; Second, in view of the large investment in the gas station and the long payback period, the government appropriately subsidizes the adjustment of the profit distribution between the gas price sold at the gas station and the fuel cost saved by the automobile user due to the gas consumption; Third, the income tax on gas stations should be based on the policy of high-tech industrial development zones, and adopt a tax policy of exemption and reduction of three; Fourth, the gas station will be treated according to special industrial electricity, and the electricity price will be excellent. In addition, the land for gas stations can be treated according to major projects and environmental protection industries. Special affairs should be handled, not to push each other, and to actively adopt foreign advanced Establish station standards, scientifically determine the fire safety distance, and save land resources. Bioethanol car Ethanol is commonly known as alcohol. It is popular to say that cars that use ethanol as fuel can also be called alcohol cars. The history of the use of ethanol instead of petroleum fuels has been very long. Both the production and application technologies have matured. Recently, due to the tight oil resources, the diversification of automobile energy has intensified, and ethanol vehicles have also been on the agenda. At present, there are more than 40 countries in the world, and ethanol vehicles are used to varying degrees. Some have reached a large scale of promotion, and the status of ethanol vehicles is increasing. The use of ethanol in automobiles can increase the octane number of the fuel, increase the oxygen content, and make the combustion in the car cylinder more complete, which can reduce the emission of harmful substances in the exhaust gas. The fuel application mode of ethanol vehicles: 1. Blending, refers to the application of ethanol and gasoline blending. In the mixed fuel, the ratio of ethanol to volume is expressed by “Eâ€. For example, if ethanol accounts for 10% and 15%, it is represented by E10 and E15. At present, the blending of ethanol accounts for the majority of ethanol vehicles. Second, pure burning, that is, single-burning ethanol, can be expressed by E100%, the current application is not much, is a trial stage; Third, denatured fuel ethanol, refers to the ethanol produced after the dehydration of ethanol, which is also a test application Step 4; Flexible fuel means that the fuel can be either gasoline or ethanol or methanol-gas blended fuel, or hydrogen, and can be switched at any time. For example, Ford and Toyota are testing flexible fuel vehicles (FFV). Fabricated Aluminium Profiles with CNC Machining Fabricated Aluminium Profiles And Cnc Machining,Aluminum Alloy Precision Cnc Machining,Aluminum Material Components Maching,Aluminum Cnc Machinery Parts Foshan Modern Copper & Aluminum Extrusion Co.,Ltd. , https://www.fscncaluminium.com